@phdthesis{
author = "Dimić, Vidan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije jeste izrada i upotreba neolitskog glačanog kamenog oruđa sa sečicom: sekira, tesli i dleta. Pri tome, fokus je s jedne strane stavljen na operativni lanac izrade i upotrebe ovog oruđa, dok je s druge strane, istraživanje fokusirano na traseološke markere, odnosno specifična oštećenja koja se na sečicama oruđa formiraju tokom njihove upotrebe. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja je da se upotrebom dva komplementarna istraživačka metoda: eksperimentalne arheologije i traseoloških analiza oformi referentna zbirka/kolekcija drvodeljskih tragova upotrebe, putem koje bi u budućnosti bilo moguće vršiti komparaciju i identifikaciju pomenutih tragova na sečicama neolitskih glačanih kamenih alatki. Takođe, cilj istraživanja je i da se tokom izvođenja arheološkog eksperimenta, zabeleže i dokumentuju svi podaci koji proizilaze iz takvog jednog direktnog i iskustvenog pristupa, a koji u budućnosti mogu služiti verodostojnijoj interpretaciji operativnog lanca, odnosno različitih procesa u okviru upotrebnog veka ovog oruđa. Na osnovu podataka iz arheološke literature, a putem arheološkog eksperimenta, izvršena je rekonstrukcija svih segmenata operativnog lanca u okviru procesa proizvodnje i upotrebe glačanih kamenih alatki sa sečicom. U izradi oruđa korišćene su neolitske tehnike obrade sirovine, kao i sirovine koje su dominantne u neolitu Srbije: sitnozrne i finozrne metamorfne stene i „laka bela stena“ – magnezit. Izvršena je rekonstrukcija dominantnih tipova sekira, tesli i dleta, koje su potom testirane u različitim poslovima, u radu na drvetu različite vrste, tvrdoće i stanja. Sprovođenjem sukcesivnih traseoloških analiza (low power approach – stereo mikroskop manjih uvećanja 7,5-60×), identifikovani su i dokumentovani tehnološki tragovi (tragovi izrade) i tragovi upotrebe koji se na ovom oruđu mogu uočiti nakon sprovođenja drvodeljskih poslova. Pri tome, u razmatranje su uzeti različiti parametri poput vrste sirovine, vrste alatke, morfoloških karakteristika alatke i sečice, vrste posla, vrste, tvrdoće i stanja obrađivanog drveta, načina rada oruđem, odnosno načina primene sile. Tragovi upotrebe zabeleženi na eksperimentalnom oruđu, radi proverljivosti, komparirani su sa kolekcijom tragova upotrebe na neolitskim glačanim kamenim artefaktima. Rezultati istraživanja jasno ukazuju na to da se tragovi izrade i upotrebe, dobijeni eksperimentalnim putem, mogu korisiti kao referentni i da imaju sličnosti sa istim tragovima na neolitskim artefaktima. S druge strane, komparativne analize ukazale su i na pojedine razlike, uslovljavajući time neophodnost za daljim istraživanjima ovog tipa, uključujući druge materijale, drugačiji način pripajanja za držalju, a time i drugačiji načlin primene sile. Takođe, istraživanjem su akumulirani podaci o vremenskom trajanju i fizičkom naporu koji su potrebni za izvođenje određenih radnji, kako iz procesa izrade tako i iz procesa upotrebe. Utvrđena je efikasnost i podobnost sve tri vrste oruđa u drvodeljskim poslovima, iz čega je stečen uvid i u njihove međusobne razlike. Proces upotrebe pomogao je da se sagleda dinamika tupljenja i oštećenja na ovom oruđu, a samim tim i dinamika oštrenja i reparacije. Ovi procesi imaju direktan odraz u životnoj istoriji oruđa. Takođe, razultati istraživanja jasno su ukazali na podobnost i efikasnost oruđa od „lake bele stene“ odnosno magnezita, kao sirovine čija je masovna upotreba obeležila finalne faze vinčanske kulture. Kako na prostoru Centralnog Balkana do sada nije sprovedena ni jedna, na ovaj način koncipirana studija, smatramo da ovo istraživanje predstavlja vredan doprinos i osnovu za buduća traseološka istraživanja, kao i bolje razumevanje procesa kroz koje ovo oruđe prolazi tokom svog „života“., The subject of research of this doctoral thesis is the manufacture and use of Neolithic stone tools with a cutting edge: axes, adzes, and chisels. The focus is from one side placed on the operational chain of manufacture and use of these tools, while on the other the research is focused on traceological markers, i.e., specific damages (traces) on the cutting edges that were being formed during use. The primary goal of this research is to create a reference collection of wood-working traces of use by using two complementary methods: experimental archaeology and traceological analyses, in order to enable future comparisons and identification of these traces on the working edges of Neolithic ground stone tools. Also, the goal of this research is to record and to document all the evidence created during the performance of the archaeological experiment that are outcome from such direct and experience-based approach, that may also be used for future research of the operational chain, i.e., different processes within the life-span of use of these tools. The reconstruction of all segments of operational chain within the process of manufacture and use of ground stone tools with cutting edge is made following the data from the archaeological literature and through an archaeological experiment. In the manufacture Neolithic techniques of processing the raw materials were employed, and the raw materials used were those predominant in the Neolithic in Serbia: fine-grained metamorphic rocks and „light white stone“ – magnesite. The reconstruction of the predominant types of axes, adzes, and chisels was made, subsequently tested on different tasks, in working on woods of different species, hardness and state. By conducting successive traceological analyses (low power approach – stereo microscope with lower magnification 7,5-60×), technological traces (traces of manufacture) were identified and documented, as well as traces of use that may be visible on these tools after performing wood-working tasks. During this process, different parameters were taken into consideration, including the type of the raw material, tool type, morphological traits of the tool and its cutting edge, type of the task, species, hardness and state of the wood, mode of use of the tool, i.e., the mode of applying the force. Traces vii of use noted on experimental tools were verified by comparison with the collection of use-wear traces on the Neolithic ground stone artefacts. The results of the research clearly point that the traces of production and use obtained through experiment may be used as reference and that they resemble to the traces on the same Neolithic artefacts. On the other hand, comparative analyses revealed that there are also certain differences, thus raising the need for further researches of this type, which will include other raw materials, different hafting methods, and therefore different mode of applying the force. Furthermore, these researches also accumulated the data on the time duration and physical effort needed for performing certain tasks, both during the production and during use. Effectiveness and suitability were determined for all three tool types in wood-working tasks, thus enabling the insight into the differences between them. The process of use helped to assess the dynamics of blunting and forming of the damages on these tools, and thus the dynamics of sharpening and repair. These processes have direct reflection in the life-history of the tools. Furthermore, the results of the research clearly pointed out the suitability and effectiveness of the tools made from „light white stones“, i.e., magnesite, as raw material whose mass usage marked the final phases of the Vinča culture. Since until now on the territory of the central Balkans there were no studies composed in this manner, we believe that this research represents a valuable contribution and a basis for future traceological investigations, as well as better understanding of the processes that these tools go through during their „lives“.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet",
title = "Izrada i upotreba neolitskog glačanog kamenog oruđa sa sečicom - eksperimentalna istraživanja i komparativne traseološke analize, Manufacture and use of Neolithic ground stone tools with a cutting edge - experimental researche and comparative traceological analyses",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_17597"
}
