The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work
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The paper analyzed 364 sites from the fifth millennium BC in northwestern Serbia in order to observe the process of population fission from the large Late Neolithic settlements and the formation of smaller settlements tightly integrated with one another in the Early Eneolithic. Special attention was paid to the chronology, size, pedology, and topography of the settlements. Lowland-valley microregions were densely populated, while hilly and highland areas were sparsely populated. Larger sites are concentrated in the microregions of Mačva, Posavina, Pocerina and Tamnava, while the smaller ones are distributed across all microregions. The largest and most numerous settlements were oriented towards very fertile soil types and microregions, such as Mačva, while settlements on soils unsuitable for cultivation prevail in the microregions of Rađevina and Azbukovica, which are characterized by hills and mountains, as well as in the most populated microregion of Mačva. Hard-to-reach settlements ...of dominant elevations (hillfort – Gradina type) in the hilly and mountainous areas and slightly elevated settlements enclose by ditches in the plain areas (Obrovac type), i.e., the formation of small and very small settlements was viewed from the perspective of the transformation of the Neolithic and the establishment of a new, Eneolithic
way of life. The analysis showed the necessity of modern archaeological prospection for a precise
positioning of all sites in order to increase the quality of pedological and topographical data, as well as for geomagnetic research and targeted projects in order to evaluate the site areas, human activities in the settlements and to control the chronology by dating as many excavated sites with secure contexts as possible.
Keywords:
Neolithic/Eneolithic transition / Vinča culture / northwestern Serbia / settlements / chronology / site area / pedology / topography / future projectsSource:
Studia Praehistorica, 2023, 17, 35-102Publisher:
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM–BAS)
Funding / projects:
- Serbian archaeology: cultural identity, integration factors, technological processes and the role of the central Balkans in the development of European prehistory (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-177020)
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Археолошки институт / Institute of ArchaeologyTY - JOUR AU - Milanović, Dragan AU - Antonijević, Marinko AU - Živanović, Srećko PY - 2023 UR - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1172 AB - The paper analyzed 364 sites from the fifth millennium BC in northwestern Serbia in order to observe the process of population fission from the large Late Neolithic settlements and the formation of smaller settlements tightly integrated with one another in the Early Eneolithic. Special attention was paid to the chronology, size, pedology, and topography of the settlements. Lowland-valley microregions were densely populated, while hilly and highland areas were sparsely populated. Larger sites are concentrated in the microregions of Mačva, Posavina, Pocerina and Tamnava, while the smaller ones are distributed across all microregions. The largest and most numerous settlements were oriented towards very fertile soil types and microregions, such as Mačva, while settlements on soils unsuitable for cultivation prevail in the microregions of Rađevina and Azbukovica, which are characterized by hills and mountains, as well as in the most populated microregion of Mačva. Hard-to-reach settlements of dominant elevations (hillfort – Gradina type) in the hilly and mountainous areas and slightly elevated settlements enclose by ditches in the plain areas (Obrovac type), i.e., the formation of small and very small settlements was viewed from the perspective of the transformation of the Neolithic and the establishment of a new, Eneolithic way of life. The analysis showed the necessity of modern archaeological prospection for a precise positioning of all sites in order to increase the quality of pedological and topographical data, as well as for geomagnetic research and targeted projects in order to evaluate the site areas, human activities in the settlements and to control the chronology by dating as many excavated sites with secure contexts as possible. PB - National Archaeological Institute with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM–BAS) T2 - Studia Praehistorica T1 - The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work EP - 102 IS - 17 SP - 35 DO - https://doi.org/10.53250/stprae17.35-102 ER -
@article{ author = "Milanović, Dragan and Antonijević, Marinko and Živanović, Srećko", year = "2023", abstract = "The paper analyzed 364 sites from the fifth millennium BC in northwestern Serbia in order to observe the process of population fission from the large Late Neolithic settlements and the formation of smaller settlements tightly integrated with one another in the Early Eneolithic. Special attention was paid to the chronology, size, pedology, and topography of the settlements. Lowland-valley microregions were densely populated, while hilly and highland areas were sparsely populated. Larger sites are concentrated in the microregions of Mačva, Posavina, Pocerina and Tamnava, while the smaller ones are distributed across all microregions. The largest and most numerous settlements were oriented towards very fertile soil types and microregions, such as Mačva, while settlements on soils unsuitable for cultivation prevail in the microregions of Rađevina and Azbukovica, which are characterized by hills and mountains, as well as in the most populated microregion of Mačva. Hard-to-reach settlements of dominant elevations (hillfort – Gradina type) in the hilly and mountainous areas and slightly elevated settlements enclose by ditches in the plain areas (Obrovac type), i.e., the formation of small and very small settlements was viewed from the perspective of the transformation of the Neolithic and the establishment of a new, Eneolithic way of life. The analysis showed the necessity of modern archaeological prospection for a precise positioning of all sites in order to increase the quality of pedological and topographical data, as well as for geomagnetic research and targeted projects in order to evaluate the site areas, human activities in the settlements and to control the chronology by dating as many excavated sites with secure contexts as possible.", publisher = "National Archaeological Institute with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM–BAS)", journal = "Studia Praehistorica", title = "The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work", pages = "102-35", number = "17", doi = "https://doi.org/10.53250/stprae17.35-102" }
Milanović, D., Antonijević, M.,& Živanović, S.. (2023). The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work. in Studia Praehistorica National Archaeological Institute with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM–BAS).(17), 35-102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53250/stprae17.35-102
Milanović D, Antonijević M, Živanović S. The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work. in Studia Praehistorica. 2023;(17):35-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.53250/stprae17.35-102 .
Milanović, Dragan, Antonijević, Marinko, Živanović, Srećko, "The transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Eneolithic in northwestern Serbia: Reconsideration and suggestions for future work" in Studia Praehistorica, no. 17 (2023):35-102, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53250/stprae17.35-102 . .