Slikana grnčarija ranog i srednjeg neolita centralnog Balkana - između stila i prakse

Abstract

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je biografija slikane grnčarije ranog i srednjeg neolita centralnog Balkana, od izrade do arheoloških intervencija. Cilj istraživanja je da se 1) preispitaju pristupi i zaključci o slikanoj grnčariji u srpskoj arheologiji; 2) fokus istraživanja pomeri sa slikane grnčarije kao „hronološki osetljivih“ nalaza na specifična znanja, veštine i prakse i 3) da se kroz studije keramike razmotri povezanost arheološke teorije i prakse. U tu svrhu sistematski su analizirane zbirke slikane grnčarije sa nalazišta Starčevo-Grad, Grivac i Pavlovac-Gumnište. Istraživanje je zasnovano na makroskopskim analizama operativnog lanca, tragova upotrebe/sekundarne upotrebe/popravki i tafonomije, kao i kontekstualnoj analizi slikane grnčarije iz Pavlovca. Istraživanje je pokazalo da slikane posude često imaju kompleksne biografije i da dolazi do određenih promena u pripremi sirovine, tehnikama i bojama slikanja. Na nama je da dalje razumemo ove promene i istražimo u kojoj meri su vezane za druge aspekte života starčevačkih zajednica. Slikane posude su oblikovane na različite načine, uključujući tehniku kobasica. Oslikavali su ih različito vešti i pažljivi majstori. Nisu isključivo korišćene kao posuđe za izlaganje i korišćene su u različitim aktivnostima pripreme, čuvanja, služenja i konzumacije hrane. Polomljene posude nekada su popravljane, čime im je produžavan životni vek. Iako su verovatno imale neku vrstu vrednosti i simboličkog značaja, nije postojao tabu da se fragmenti polomljenih posuda koriste kao sirovina za izradu alatki. Ove varijabilnosti upozoravaju nas da na osnovu sličnosti u stilu ne smemo automatski pretpostavljati i sličnosti u praksi. Odnos arheološke teorije i prakse razmatran je kroz analizu povezanosti koncepata hronologije, stratigrafije i arheološke kulture, kroz studiju „mešanja“ starčevačke i vinčanske grnčarije u Pavlovcu. Pokazalo se da analiza tafonomije grnčarije može imati značajnu ulogu u razumevanju formacionih procesa, i širih pitanja kontakata i kontinuiteta između starčevačkih i vinčanskih zajednica.

The subject of this doctoral dissertation is a biography of the painted pottery of the Early and Middle Neolithic of the central Balkans, from production to archaeological interventions. The aim of the research is to 1) review approaches and conclusions about painted pottery in Serbian archeology; 2) shift the focus of research from painted pottery as "chronologically sensitive" findings to specific knowledge, skills and practices and 4) consider the connection between archeological theory and practice through ceramic studies. For this purpose, collections of painted pottery from the sites Starčevo-Grad, Grivac and Pavlovac-Gumnište were systematically analyzed. The research is based on macroscopic analyzes of the chaîne opératoire, traces of use/secondary use /repairs and taphonomy, as well as contextual analysis of the painted pottery from Pavlovac. Research has shown that painted vessels often have complex biographies. There are some changes in raw material preparation, painting techniques, and paints. It is up to us to further understand these changes and explore the extent to which they are related to other aspects of the life of the Starčevo communities. The painted vessels are shaped in a variety of ways, including the coiling technique. They were painted by differently skilled and attentive potters. They are not exclusively used as display vesseles and have been used in a variety of food preparation, storage, serving and consumption activities. Sometimes broken vessels have been repaired, thus extending their life span. Although painted vessels probably had some kind of social, cultural and symbolic importance and value, there were no rules against recycling broken pots. These variations warn us that based on similarities in style, we should not automatically assume similarities in practice. The relation between archeological theory and practice was discussed through the analysis of the connection between the concepts of chronology, stratigraphy and archeological culture, through the study of the "mixing" of the Starčevo and Vinča pottery in Pavlovac. It has been shown that the analysis of pottery taphonomy can play a significant role in understanding the formation processes, and the wider issues of contacts and continuity between the Starčevo and Vinča communities.