Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury
Апстракт
The active Byzantine policy in the Balkans, accompanied by
the military operations during the 10th century, was completed
in 1018, when the northern border of the Empire
was re-established on the Danube.1 The military stations
along the Danube and in the interior, next to the main
waterways and roads, represented strongholds of authority,
from where Byzantization spread into the surrounding areas.
However, the battles within the reconquista campaign
were not the last of the conflicts in the Balkans. During
the next two centuries, Byzantium was forced to wage war
several times, even on multiple fronts.2 Besides raids by
the Pechenegs, Byzantium’s overall policy in the central
Balkans in the period from the 11th to the start of the 13th
century was defined, perhaps in the greatest measure, by
conflicts with the Serbs and the Hungarians, their alliances
and allies. In these cases, higher aims were the reason for
the continual challenges to Byzantine authority – the permane...nt
seizure of parts of territory, i.e. the creation of new
states in the regions under Byzantine rule (fig. 64).
Despite the uncertainties of wars on several fronts, this
was a period of economic progress for Byzantium, expressed
in a particular manner through exchange and
trade.3 The more intense inflow of money, stemming
from payments to the military, primarily noticeable in
the Danube basin, and then along the road and river
routes of the Timok, Morava and Nišava rivers, certainly
precipitated an increase in the turnover of goods
– not just of basic military necessities, but also of other
objects, which can be categorised as luxurious.4 Thus,
1 Максимовић, Организација византијске власти, 31–34;
Holmes, Basil II.
2 Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier; Madgearu, Byzantine
Military Organization.
3 Laiou, Exchange and Trade, 736–746.
4 Радић, Иванишевић, Византијски новац, 27–38; Stephenson,
Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier, 84–89.
the consumption pattern became a significant indicator
of the society, or of the economic and cultural level
of a community. In addition to information from written
documents, archaeological data can in this case also
be viewed as an important indicator of past activities,
which are relevant for the interpretation of phenomena
in the economic and social dynamics of the given times
Кључне речи:
trade routes / distribution pattern / amphorae / sgraffito pottery / protomaiolica / bronze vessel / glass bracelets / jewellery / Byzantine strongholdsИзвор:
Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology., 2016, 125-131Издавач:
- Belgrade : The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies
- Belgrade : P.E. Službeni glasnik
- Belgrade : Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Финансирање / пројекти:
- Процеси урбанизације и развоја средњовековног друштва (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-177021)
Напомена:
- Byzantine heritage and Serbian art I, ed. Vesna Bikić
Институција/група
Археолошки институт / Institute of ArchaeologyTY - CHAP AU - Bikić, Vesna PY - 2016 UR - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1107 AB - The active Byzantine policy in the Balkans, accompanied by the military operations during the 10th century, was completed in 1018, when the northern border of the Empire was re-established on the Danube.1 The military stations along the Danube and in the interior, next to the main waterways and roads, represented strongholds of authority, from where Byzantization spread into the surrounding areas. However, the battles within the reconquista campaign were not the last of the conflicts in the Balkans. During the next two centuries, Byzantium was forced to wage war several times, even on multiple fronts.2 Besides raids by the Pechenegs, Byzantium’s overall policy in the central Balkans in the period from the 11th to the start of the 13th century was defined, perhaps in the greatest measure, by conflicts with the Serbs and the Hungarians, their alliances and allies. In these cases, higher aims were the reason for the continual challenges to Byzantine authority – the permanent seizure of parts of territory, i.e. the creation of new states in the regions under Byzantine rule (fig. 64). Despite the uncertainties of wars on several fronts, this was a period of economic progress for Byzantium, expressed in a particular manner through exchange and trade.3 The more intense inflow of money, stemming from payments to the military, primarily noticeable in the Danube basin, and then along the road and river routes of the Timok, Morava and Nišava rivers, certainly precipitated an increase in the turnover of goods – not just of basic military necessities, but also of other objects, which can be categorised as luxurious.4 Thus, 1 Максимовић, Организација византијске власти, 31–34; Holmes, Basil II. 2 Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier; Madgearu, Byzantine Military Organization. 3 Laiou, Exchange and Trade, 736–746. 4 Радић, Иванишевић, Византијски новац, 27–38; Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier, 84–89. the consumption pattern became a significant indicator of the society, or of the economic and cultural level of a community. In addition to information from written documents, archaeological data can in this case also be viewed as an important indicator of past activities, which are relevant for the interpretation of phenomena in the economic and social dynamics of the given times PB - Belgrade : The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies PB - Belgrade : P.E. Službeni glasnik PB - Belgrade : Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts T2 - Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology. T1 - Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury EP - 131 SP - 125 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1107 ER -
@inbook{ author = "Bikić, Vesna", year = "2016", abstract = "The active Byzantine policy in the Balkans, accompanied by the military operations during the 10th century, was completed in 1018, when the northern border of the Empire was re-established on the Danube.1 The military stations along the Danube and in the interior, next to the main waterways and roads, represented strongholds of authority, from where Byzantization spread into the surrounding areas. However, the battles within the reconquista campaign were not the last of the conflicts in the Balkans. During the next two centuries, Byzantium was forced to wage war several times, even on multiple fronts.2 Besides raids by the Pechenegs, Byzantium’s overall policy in the central Balkans in the period from the 11th to the start of the 13th century was defined, perhaps in the greatest measure, by conflicts with the Serbs and the Hungarians, their alliances and allies. In these cases, higher aims were the reason for the continual challenges to Byzantine authority – the permanent seizure of parts of territory, i.e. the creation of new states in the regions under Byzantine rule (fig. 64). Despite the uncertainties of wars on several fronts, this was a period of economic progress for Byzantium, expressed in a particular manner through exchange and trade.3 The more intense inflow of money, stemming from payments to the military, primarily noticeable in the Danube basin, and then along the road and river routes of the Timok, Morava and Nišava rivers, certainly precipitated an increase in the turnover of goods – not just of basic military necessities, but also of other objects, which can be categorised as luxurious.4 Thus, 1 Максимовић, Организација византијске власти, 31–34; Holmes, Basil II. 2 Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier; Madgearu, Byzantine Military Organization. 3 Laiou, Exchange and Trade, 736–746. 4 Радић, Иванишевић, Византијски новац, 27–38; Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier, 84–89. the consumption pattern became a significant indicator of the society, or of the economic and cultural level of a community. In addition to information from written documents, archaeological data can in this case also be viewed as an important indicator of past activities, which are relevant for the interpretation of phenomena in the economic and social dynamics of the given times", publisher = "Belgrade : The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies, Belgrade : P.E. Službeni glasnik, Belgrade : Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts", journal = "Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology.", booktitle = "Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury", pages = "131-125", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1107" }
Bikić, V.. (2016). Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury. in Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology. Belgrade : The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies., 125-131. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1107
Bikić V. Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury. in Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology.. 2016;:125-131. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1107 .
Bikić, Vesna, "Trade in the Central Balkans (11th-13th century): Between necessity and luxury" in Processes of Byzantinization and Serbian archaeology. (2016):125-131, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1107 .