Imperial art during the Tetrarchy period in the cultural space of the Balkans : the example of Galerius’ foundation in Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia)

Abstract

The fortified palatial complex in Gamzigrad (Romuliana) represents a remarkable example of architecture and art in the area of the Balkans during the Tetrarchy period, created during the short reign of its owner and commissioner – Emperor Galerius (305-311). Remains of a complex with buildings of official, cult and residential character, protected by ramparts, were discovered in Romuliana, in a place for life and apotheosis of the Emperor, once he would have stepped down from the throne. The complex had opulent architectural decorations: rooms and open spaces were decorated with sculptures, walls with frescos and mosaics, and floors with polychrome mosaics. Analyses of decorative elements from the complex in Romuliana provide an overview of the program scheme which brings together the traditions and innovations of Roman crafts and art centres from different parts of the Mediterranean world and together formed the stage for the veneration of the imperial cult.