Појасне апликације из Станишића у светлу раномађарске оставштине у Бачкој

Abstract

The article presents part of a single belt from the Hungarian Conquest Period found at the site of St. Ante – Mašic Salaš in Stanišić. The find consists of four heart-shaped mounts made out of gilded silver. The locality is situated on a mound that was almost completely destroyed by ploughing in the 1980s. Small-scale rescue excavations did not provide any information about graves but it is likely that a cemetery was established there for the villagers encountered numerous bones during agricultural activities. Along with few other metal finds (fibulae,earring and ring) the mounts were acquired by the City Museum in Sombor from the finders. Even after surveying the abundant related literature we could not find direct parallels for these finds. However, based on similar belt fittings from several necropolises in the Carpathian Basin (Tomnatic, Karos and Rétközberencs), it is apparent that they belonged to the Hungarians settled in northwestern Backa during the first half of the 10th century. It seems that a lack of complete belts and/or more numerous belt pieces actually indicates a modest presence of Hungarian elites there. In addition to those from Stanišic, the belt mounts were found only in Doroslovo and Apatin. The mounts from Stanišic fit into the general picture of the distribution of the Hungarian finds in Vojvodina. The majority of sites are situated in the northern parts of Banat and Backa – the southernmost areas of intense Hungarian settlement. The paper gives a short overview of the entire archaeological evidence from the Conquest Period in Backa. Finds of cavalry equipment, horse harness and weaponry are most numerous; on the other hand, there are sporadic finds of jewellery and dress ornaments. This may indicate certain regional peculiarities, but given a very low level of research, at this moment we are far from any definite conclusions.

U članku je publikovan deo pojasa iz doba mađarskih osvajanja koji je otkriven na lokalitetu Sv. Ante – Mašić Salaš u Stanišiću. Reč je o četiri srcolike aplikacije od srebra sa pozlatom. Lokalitet se nalazi na humci koja je skoro potpuno uništena u zemljanim radovima osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Zaštitna iskopavanja nisu dala podatke o grobovima, ali je izvesno postojanje nekropole jer je prema kazivanju meštana na humci bilo dosta nalaza kostiju. Uz nekoliko drugih metalnih nalaza (fibula, prsten i karika) nalazi su otkupljeni za Gradski muzej Sombor. Čak i nakon pregleda obimne literature nismo uspeli da pronađemo direktne analogije za ove nalaze. Međutim, na osnovu sličnih pojaseva sa nekoliko nekropola u Karpatskom basenu (Tomnatic, Karos i Retkozberencs), očigledno je da je pojas pripadao ranomađarskoj eliti naseljenoj u severozapadnoj Bačkoj tokom prve polovine 10. veka. Čini se da nedostatak kompletnih pojasnih garnitura i/ili brojnijih komada pojasnih elemenata zapravo ukazuje na skromno prisustvo mađarske elite u Bačkoj. U radu je dat kratak pregled materijalne kulture ranomađarskog perioda iz ovog regiona; najbrojniji su nalazi konjičke opreme, konjske orme i naoružanja, dok su sporadični primerci nakita i metalnih delova odeće. Ovakva slika može ukazivati na određene regionalne specifičnosti, ali s obzirom na slabu istraženost nekropola 10. veka u Vojvodini, u ovom trenutku smo daleko od bilo kakvih definitivnih zaključaka.