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The blues of Romuliana

Thumbnail
2021
378.pdf (1.180Mb)
Аутори
Jovanović, Sonja
Cholakova, Anastasia
Pop-Lazić, Stefan
Freestone, I.C.
Živković, M.
Чланак у часопису (Објављена верзија)
Метаподаци
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Апстракт
The paper presents a set of glass fragments excavated at several different locations within and outside the late Roman fortified imperial residence Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia). This small group of eighteen fragments and mosaic glass tesserae are distinguished by their cobalt blue colour. The majority of the finds are mosaic tesserae (six pcs) and sheets of glass (five pcs), which could be related to architectural decoration (sectilia panels). Others are pieces left behind from secondary glass working (four pcs). There are also two fragments tentatively identified as window pane pieces, and only one find is a vessel sherd. The materials are dated to the 4th century. Significantly, some of the production debris and the two “window pane” fragments were found inside the destruction of a glass furnace. The analyses of the chemical glass composition of the finds confirmed that the blue colourant in all samples is cobalt, and antimony is also present at notable levels (except for one ...sample), likely to produce opacification of the glass. Regarding the origin of the raw glass, the data on almost all pieces suggests a Syro-Palestinian provenance, and a single sample could be related to Egyptian primary glass production. Importantly, the concentrations of the oxides added to the base glasses in order to modify the colour are positively correlated in certain samples, hinting at the makeup of the cobalt bearing ingredient and at a likely existence of particular production practices of the late Roman period.

Кључне речи:
Sectilia glass sheets / Secondary glass production / Production debris / Late Roman period / Glass tesserae / EPMA / Cobalt blue glass / Chemical glass composition / Central Balkans
Извор:
Starinar, 2021, 71, 207-230
Издавач:
  • Arheološki institut, Beograd
Финансирање / пројекти:
  • The support of Kevin Reeves, who conducted the EPMA measurements, is gratefully acknowledged, as well as the contribution of Veljko D?iki?, who produced some of the photographs. The authors are indebted to Gerda von B?low for providing materials for this study, and to Maja ?ivi? for facilitating access to the assemblage.

DOI: 10.2298/STA2171207J

ISSN: 0350-0241

Scopus: 2-s2.0-85123232497
[ Google Scholar ]
URI
http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/381
Колекције
  • Izdanja AI
  • Radovi istraživača / Researchers’ publications
Институција/група
Археолошки институт / Institute of Archaeology
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jovanović, Sonja
AU  - Cholakova, Anastasia
AU  - Pop-Lazić, Stefan
AU  - Freestone, I.C.
AU  - Živković, M.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/381
AB  - The paper presents a set of glass fragments excavated at several different locations within and outside the late Roman fortified imperial residence Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia). This small group of eighteen fragments and mosaic glass tesserae are distinguished by their cobalt blue colour. The majority of the finds are mosaic tesserae (six pcs) and sheets of glass (five pcs), which could be related to architectural decoration (sectilia panels). Others are pieces left behind from secondary glass working (four pcs). There are also two fragments tentatively identified as window pane pieces, and only one find is a vessel sherd. The materials are dated to the 4th century. Significantly, some of the production debris and the two “window pane” fragments were found inside the destruction of a glass furnace. The analyses of the chemical glass composition of the finds confirmed that the blue colourant in all samples is cobalt, and antimony is also present at notable levels (except for one sample), likely to produce opacification of the glass. Regarding the origin of the raw glass, the data on almost all pieces suggests a Syro-Palestinian provenance, and a single sample could be related to Egyptian primary glass production. Importantly, the concentrations of the oxides added to the base glasses in order to modify the colour are positively correlated in certain samples, hinting at the makeup of the cobalt bearing ingredient and at a likely existence of particular production practices of the late Roman period.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - The blues of Romuliana
EP  - 230
IS  - 71
SP  - 207
DO  - 10.2298/STA2171207J
UR  - conv_455
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Jovanović, Sonja and Cholakova, Anastasia and Pop-Lazić, Stefan and Freestone, I.C. and Živković, M.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The paper presents a set of glass fragments excavated at several different locations within and outside the late Roman fortified imperial residence Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia). This small group of eighteen fragments and mosaic glass tesserae are distinguished by their cobalt blue colour. The majority of the finds are mosaic tesserae (six pcs) and sheets of glass (five pcs), which could be related to architectural decoration (sectilia panels). Others are pieces left behind from secondary glass working (four pcs). There are also two fragments tentatively identified as window pane pieces, and only one find is a vessel sherd. The materials are dated to the 4th century. Significantly, some of the production debris and the two “window pane” fragments were found inside the destruction of a glass furnace. The analyses of the chemical glass composition of the finds confirmed that the blue colourant in all samples is cobalt, and antimony is also present at notable levels (except for one sample), likely to produce opacification of the glass. Regarding the origin of the raw glass, the data on almost all pieces suggests a Syro-Palestinian provenance, and a single sample could be related to Egyptian primary glass production. Importantly, the concentrations of the oxides added to the base glasses in order to modify the colour are positively correlated in certain samples, hinting at the makeup of the cobalt bearing ingredient and at a likely existence of particular production practices of the late Roman period.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "The blues of Romuliana",
pages = "230-207",
number = "71",
doi = "10.2298/STA2171207J",
url = "conv_455"
}
Jovanović, S., Cholakova, A., Pop-Lazić, S., Freestone, I.C.,& Živković, M.. (2021). The blues of Romuliana. in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(71), 207-230.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2171207J
conv_455
Jovanović S, Cholakova A, Pop-Lazić S, Freestone I, Živković M. The blues of Romuliana. in Starinar. 2021;(71):207-230.
doi:10.2298/STA2171207J
conv_455 .
Jovanović, Sonja, Cholakova, Anastasia, Pop-Lazić, Stefan, Freestone, I.C., Živković, M., "The blues of Romuliana" in Starinar, no. 71 (2021):207-230,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2171207J .,
conv_455 .

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