TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pacifico, Lina
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1497
AB  - Spasovine, on the south flank of Mt. Cer in West Serbia, is one of the rare localities where Late Bronze Age placer tin mining activities have been documented. Archeological pedestrian surveys on this river terrace recovered ceramic fragments with metal-rich coatings, thought to be fragments of technical ceramics. The physical characteristics of the “petrol” gray-bodied ceramics are consistent with Roman Period ca. 200-300AD production, while black-bodied sherds are most consistent with Iron Age ceramics of western Serbia. SEM-EDS analysis of polished thin-sections and rough surfaces has shown that the fragments are enriched in various metallic residues (Zn, Sn, Cu, Pb in various combinations). Of the fourteen sherds studied, nine Roman samples contain Zn-rich coatings on the inner surfaces as well as deeper penetration of zinc enrichment into the ceramic interior, consistent with Zn cementation for brass. Three of these also contained younger addition of Sn, indicating that they were repurposed for bronze production at Spasovine. The prehistoric sherds contain tin along with Cu and Pb, consistent with the production of leaded tin bronze, which is not known from the area until the Iron Age (ca. 800-600BC). Thus, Spasovine was the site of itinerant mining and metallurgical activity, at least sporadically, over a period of 1700 years from the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE) to the Roman Period (2nd-3rd century CE). This demonstrates that small deposits of placer tin could have had long-term impact on regional tin economies in ancient Europe.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
T1  - Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia
SP  - 103619
VL  - 45
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103619
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Pacifico, Lina and Powell, Wayne and Bankoff, Arthur and Filipović, Vojislav and Bulatović, Aleksandar",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Spasovine, on the south flank of Mt. Cer in West Serbia, is one of the rare localities where Late Bronze Age placer tin mining activities have been documented. Archeological pedestrian surveys on this river terrace recovered ceramic fragments with metal-rich coatings, thought to be fragments of technical ceramics. The physical characteristics of the “petrol” gray-bodied ceramics are consistent with Roman Period ca. 200-300AD production, while black-bodied sherds are most consistent with Iron Age ceramics of western Serbia. SEM-EDS analysis of polished thin-sections and rough surfaces has shown that the fragments are enriched in various metallic residues (Zn, Sn, Cu, Pb in various combinations). Of the fourteen sherds studied, nine Roman samples contain Zn-rich coatings on the inner surfaces as well as deeper penetration of zinc enrichment into the ceramic interior, consistent with Zn cementation for brass. Three of these also contained younger addition of Sn, indicating that they were repurposed for bronze production at Spasovine. The prehistoric sherds contain tin along with Cu and Pb, consistent with the production of leaded tin bronze, which is not known from the area until the Iron Age (ca. 800-600BC). Thus, Spasovine was the site of itinerant mining and metallurgical activity, at least sporadically, over a period of 1700 years from the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE) to the Roman Period (2nd-3rd century CE). This demonstrates that small deposits of placer tin could have had long-term impact on regional tin economies in ancient Europe.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports",
title = "Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia",
pages = "103619",
volume = "45",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103619"
}

Pacifico, L., Powell, W., Bankoff, A., Filipović, V.,& Bulatović, A.. (2022). Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia. in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
Elsevier., 45, 103619.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103619

Pacifico L, Powell W, Bankoff A, Filipović V, Bulatović A. Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia. in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 2022;45:103619.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103619 .

Pacifico, Lina, Powell, Wayne, Bankoff, Arthur, Filipović, Vojislav, Bulatović, Aleksandar, "Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia" in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 45 (2022):103619,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103619 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Mladenović, Ognjen
AU  - John, Jan
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Hvojka, Ondřej
AU  - Filipovic, Vojislav
AU  - Gligorić, Rada
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1579
AB  - Кратак извештај о археолошким истраживањима на локалитету Спасовине у 2018. години
PB  - Beograd : Arheološki institut
T2  - Arheologija u Srbiji - projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2018. godini
T1  - Lokalitet Spasovine u selu Milina: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2018. godine
EP  - 42
SP  - 35
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1579
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Mladenović, Ognjen and John, Jan and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bankoff, Arthur and Powell, Wayne and Hvojka, Ondřej and Filipovic, Vojislav and Gligorić, Rada",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Кратак извештај о археолошким истраживањима на локалитету Спасовине у 2018. години",
publisher = "Beograd : Arheološki institut",
journal = "Arheologija u Srbiji - projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2018. godini",
booktitle = "Lokalitet Spasovine u selu Milina: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2018. godine",
pages = "42-35",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1579"
}

Mladenović, O., John, J., Bulatović, A., Bankoff, A., Powell, W., Hvojka, O., Filipovic, V.,& Gligorić, R.. (2021). Lokalitet Spasovine u selu Milina: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2018. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji - projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2018. godini
Beograd : Arheološki institut., 35-42.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1579

Mladenović O, John J, Bulatović A, Bankoff A, Powell W, Hvojka O, Filipovic V, Gligorić R. Lokalitet Spasovine u selu Milina: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2018. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji - projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2018. godini. 2021;:35-42.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1579 .

Mladenović, Ognjen, John, Jan, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bankoff, Arthur, Powell, Wayne, Hvojka, Ondřej, Filipovic, Vojislav, Gligorić, Rada, "Lokalitet Spasovine u selu Milina: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2018. godine" in Arheologija u Srbiji - projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2018. godini (2021):35-42,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1579 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Mladenović, Ognjen
AU  - John, Jan
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Chvojka, Ondřej
AU  - Gligorić, Rada
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1578
AB  - Извештај о археолошким истраживањима на локалитету Градац-Цикоте у 2019. години
PB  - Beograd : Arheološki institut
T2  - Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2019. godini
T1  - Lokalitet Gradac-Cikote: arheološka istraživanja 2019. godine
EP  - 78
SP  - 69
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1578
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Mladenović, Ognjen and John, Jan and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bankoff, Arthur and Powell, Wayne and Chvojka, Ondřej and Gligorić, Rada and Filipović, Vojislav",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Извештај о археолошким истраживањима на локалитету Градац-Цикоте у 2019. години",
publisher = "Beograd : Arheološki institut",
journal = "Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2019. godini",
booktitle = "Lokalitet Gradac-Cikote: arheološka istraživanja 2019. godine",
pages = "78-69",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1578"
}

Mladenović, O., John, J., Bulatović, A., Bankoff, A., Powell, W., Chvojka, O., Gligorić, R.,& Filipović, V.. (2021). Lokalitet Gradac-Cikote: arheološka istraživanja 2019. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2019. godini
Beograd : Arheološki institut., 69-78.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1578

Mladenović O, John J, Bulatović A, Bankoff A, Powell W, Chvojka O, Gligorić R, Filipović V. Lokalitet Gradac-Cikote: arheološka istraživanja 2019. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2019. godini. 2021;:69-78.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1578 .

Mladenović, Ognjen, John, Jan, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bankoff, Arthur, Powell, Wayne, Chvojka, Ondřej, Gligorić, Rada, Filipović, Vojislav, "Lokalitet Gradac-Cikote: arheološka istraživanja 2019. godine" in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2019. godini (2021):69-78,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1578 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/344
AB  - U ovoj studiji reč je o nedovoljno jasno definisanom periodu na kraju neolita i početku eneolita na centralnom Balkanu. Glavna tema ovog teksta nisu razvoj i dezintegracija pozne vinčanske kulture, o čemu je dosta pisano u poslednje vreme, nego karakter i hronologija odnosa između pozne vinčanske kulture i ranoeneolitske grupe koja će je naslediti na ovoj teritoriji (Bubanj - Hum I kao regionalna varijanta kompleksa Bubanj-Salkuca-Krivodol - skraćeno BSK), kao i proces nastanka te grupe. Ova studija, stoga, analizira određene karakteristične keramičke forme koje potiču isključivo sa apsolutno datiranih lokaliteta, jednoslojnih ili onih sa dobro definisanom vertikalnom stratigrafijom, kao i hronologiju (apsolutne datume) kasnovinčanske kulture i grupe Bubanj - Hum I na centralnom Balkanu. Zbog specifičnih geografskih karakteristika centralnog Balkana, ali i radi lakšeg praćenja izlaganja, teritorija centralnog Balkana interpretirana je u radu putem dve zasebne geografske regije - prelazne regije (deo Posavine i Podrinja, baseni Jadra, Kolubare, Tamnave i donjeg toka Velike Morave, planina Cer, kao i pobrđe na jugu i istoku ograničeno planinama Gučevo, Povlen, Maljen, Suvobor i Rudnik) i planinske regije (planinska oblast centralnog Balkana). Analiza stilskih i tipoloških karakteristika keramike ukazala je na brojne zajedničke keramičke forme koje se javljaju kako u vinčanskoj kulturi (posebno kasnoj vinčanskoj kulturi), tako i u grupi Bubanj - Hum I. Razlike se uočavaju u površinskoj obradi, kvalitetu grnčarije i tehnici i motivima ukrašavanja. Teritorija grupe Bubanj - Hum I, takođe, u velikoj meri podudara se sa teritorijom kasnovinčanske kulture, a zanimljivo je da najraniji datumi za BSK kompleks, uključujući grupu Bubanj - Hum I, potiču sa perifernih područja njegove teritorije (Spančevo u dolini Bregalnice, Bodnjik u takozvanoj prelaznoj regiji centralnog Balkana i Ostorvul Corbului u Olteniji), što može da ukazuje na to da je ovaj ranoeneolitski kompleks proistekao iz vinčanske kulture i da se razvijao približno istovremeno u svim regionima počevši od oko 4450-4400. pre n. e. Ovi podaci bi mogli da dovedu u pitanje prethodnu tezu o raspadu vinčanske kulture i formiranju grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja je isticala ulogu migracija stanovništva sa istoka u tom procesu, te da ukažu na to da je ranoeneolitski kompleks nastao približno istovremeno na celokupnoj svojoj teritoriji, na manje-više jedinstvenim, a najvećim delom autohtonim kulturnim osnovama. Rezultati analiza stilsko-tipoloških odlika karakterističnih keramičkih formi vinčanske kulture i kulturne grupe Bubanj - Hum I, uz osvrt na njihove ekonomske strategije, duhovnu kulturu, industriju okresanog kamena, topografiju i arhitekturu naselja kao i proces metalurgije, pokazuju da je prelazni period od kraja vinčanske kulture do pojave klasične Bubanj - Hum I grupe bio postepen i kontinuiran proces koji se na prostoru centralnog Balkana odvijao uz izvesne kulturne kontakte sa susednim zajednicama, posebno na istoku. Ovaj kulturni proces između 47. i 45. veka pre n. e. rezultirao je formiranjem grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja će egzistirati tokom druge polovine V milenijuma na najvećem delu teritorije centralnog Balkana.
AB  - The study addresses an imprecisely defined period between the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. The study primarily refers to the characteristic ceramic forms common to both the Vinča culture and the Early Eneolithic groups, especially the Bubanj-Hum I group. The pottery under consideration originates exclusively from absolutely dated sites, single-layered sites, and sites that possess a well-defined vertical stratigraphy. The analyses of pottery, combined with brief reviews on economic strategies, the chipped stone industry, settlement topography and the process of metallurgy indicate that the transitional period from the Vinča culture to the Bubanj-Hum I group was a gradual process in the Central Balkans, without major external factors, yet continuous cultural contacts with the neighboring communities, especially into the East. This gradual process of vertical genetic transmission between the 47 th and the 45 th century calBC resulted in the formation of the Bubanj-Hum I group.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans
EP  - 40
IS  - 70
SP  - 9
DO  - 10.2298/STA2070009B
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Powell, Wayne and Filipović, Vojislav",
year = "2020",
abstract = "U ovoj studiji reč je o nedovoljno jasno definisanom periodu na kraju neolita i početku eneolita na centralnom Balkanu. Glavna tema ovog teksta nisu razvoj i dezintegracija pozne vinčanske kulture, o čemu je dosta pisano u poslednje vreme, nego karakter i hronologija odnosa između pozne vinčanske kulture i ranoeneolitske grupe koja će je naslediti na ovoj teritoriji (Bubanj - Hum I kao regionalna varijanta kompleksa Bubanj-Salkuca-Krivodol - skraćeno BSK), kao i proces nastanka te grupe. Ova studija, stoga, analizira određene karakteristične keramičke forme koje potiču isključivo sa apsolutno datiranih lokaliteta, jednoslojnih ili onih sa dobro definisanom vertikalnom stratigrafijom, kao i hronologiju (apsolutne datume) kasnovinčanske kulture i grupe Bubanj - Hum I na centralnom Balkanu. Zbog specifičnih geografskih karakteristika centralnog Balkana, ali i radi lakšeg praćenja izlaganja, teritorija centralnog Balkana interpretirana je u radu putem dve zasebne geografske regije - prelazne regije (deo Posavine i Podrinja, baseni Jadra, Kolubare, Tamnave i donjeg toka Velike Morave, planina Cer, kao i pobrđe na jugu i istoku ograničeno planinama Gučevo, Povlen, Maljen, Suvobor i Rudnik) i planinske regije (planinska oblast centralnog Balkana). Analiza stilskih i tipoloških karakteristika keramike ukazala je na brojne zajedničke keramičke forme koje se javljaju kako u vinčanskoj kulturi (posebno kasnoj vinčanskoj kulturi), tako i u grupi Bubanj - Hum I. Razlike se uočavaju u površinskoj obradi, kvalitetu grnčarije i tehnici i motivima ukrašavanja. Teritorija grupe Bubanj - Hum I, takođe, u velikoj meri podudara se sa teritorijom kasnovinčanske kulture, a zanimljivo je da najraniji datumi za BSK kompleks, uključujući grupu Bubanj - Hum I, potiču sa perifernih područja njegove teritorije (Spančevo u dolini Bregalnice, Bodnjik u takozvanoj prelaznoj regiji centralnog Balkana i Ostorvul Corbului u Olteniji), što može da ukazuje na to da je ovaj ranoeneolitski kompleks proistekao iz vinčanske kulture i da se razvijao približno istovremeno u svim regionima počevši od oko 4450-4400. pre n. e. Ovi podaci bi mogli da dovedu u pitanje prethodnu tezu o raspadu vinčanske kulture i formiranju grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja je isticala ulogu migracija stanovništva sa istoka u tom procesu, te da ukažu na to da je ranoeneolitski kompleks nastao približno istovremeno na celokupnoj svojoj teritoriji, na manje-više jedinstvenim, a najvećim delom autohtonim kulturnim osnovama. Rezultati analiza stilsko-tipoloških odlika karakterističnih keramičkih formi vinčanske kulture i kulturne grupe Bubanj - Hum I, uz osvrt na njihove ekonomske strategije, duhovnu kulturu, industriju okresanog kamena, topografiju i arhitekturu naselja kao i proces metalurgije, pokazuju da je prelazni period od kraja vinčanske kulture do pojave klasične Bubanj - Hum I grupe bio postepen i kontinuiran proces koji se na prostoru centralnog Balkana odvijao uz izvesne kulturne kontakte sa susednim zajednicama, posebno na istoku. Ovaj kulturni proces između 47. i 45. veka pre n. e. rezultirao je formiranjem grupe Bubanj - Hum I, koja će egzistirati tokom druge polovine V milenijuma na najvećem delu teritorije centralnog Balkana., The study addresses an imprecisely defined period between the end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. The study primarily refers to the characteristic ceramic forms common to both the Vinča culture and the Early Eneolithic groups, especially the Bubanj-Hum I group. The pottery under consideration originates exclusively from absolutely dated sites, single-layered sites, and sites that possess a well-defined vertical stratigraphy. The analyses of pottery, combined with brief reviews on economic strategies, the chipped stone industry, settlement topography and the process of metallurgy indicate that the transitional period from the Vinča culture to the Bubanj-Hum I group was a gradual process in the Central Balkans, without major external factors, yet continuous cultural contacts with the neighboring communities, especially into the East. This gradual process of vertical genetic transmission between the 47 th and the 45 th century calBC resulted in the formation of the Bubanj-Hum I group.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans",
pages = "40-9",
number = "70",
doi = "10.2298/STA2070009B"
}

Bulatović, A., Bulatović, A., Bankoff, A. H., Powell, W.,& Filipović, V.. (2020). Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(70), 9-40.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2070009B

Bulatović A, Bulatović A, Bankoff AH, Powell W, Filipović V. Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. in Starinar. 2020;(70):9-40.
doi:10.2298/STA2070009B .

Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bankoff, Arthur H., Powell, Wayne, Filipović, Vojislav, "Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans" in Starinar, no. 70 (2020):9-40,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2070009B . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Mladenović, Ognjen
AU  - Cruse, Steffanie
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/343
AB  - Obnovom arheoloških iskopavanja antičkog kastela Timakum Minus 2019. godine stvorile su se nove mogućnosti za tumačenja njegovih građevina koje su istraživane pre više decenija. Među ostacima građevina oko antičkog kastela Timacum Minus-a posebnu pažnju privlači delimično istražen "objekat sa hipokaustom", naročito u pogledu njegovih konstruktivnih karakteristika. Pored inače čestih antičkih konstrukcija hipokausta i zidnog grejanja, među ostacima ove građevine uočena je i posebna vrsta građevinskih elemenata - keramičke cevi za svodove. Velika količina otkrivenih cevi ukazala je na to da je ova građevina zaista imala svodove izrađene od njih. Iako je pojava cevi za svodove prilikom istraživanja antičkih lokaliteta na tlu jugoistočne Evrope registrovana, ona nije dovoljno dokumentovana, kao što ni sama funkcija cevi često nije prepoznata. Jedan od razloga za to jeste nedovoljna upućenost istraživača u specifične karakteristike cevi za svodove i njihovu funkciju, usled čega se one mešaju sa vodovodnim cevima, tubulusima ili kalemovima vezanim za zidno grejanje - budući da svaki od tih elemenata pripada keramičkim proizvodima koji su namenjeni građevinarstvu. U radu su razmatrane karakteristike cevi za svodove na Timakum Minusu, kao i kontekst u kome su pronađene unutar "objekta sa hipokaustom". Na osnovu nalaza pečata kohorte Aurelije II Daradanorum određeno je da "objekat sa hipokaustom" i konstrukcija svodova od keramičkih cevi potiču iz III veka - u kome je i inače pojava tih svodova širom Rimskog carstva bila česta. Prilikom sistematizacije vrsta keramičkih cevi na Timakum Minusu posebno je izdvojena ona koje je bilo najviše u "objektu sa hipokaustom". U sklopu nje je prepoznat i sasvim specifičan centralni element koji je omogućavao da se dva niza cevi na istom pravcu, ali iz suprotnih smerova, međusobno spoje. Taj element je definisao oblik svoda kojim su bile pokrivene prostorije čiju je rekonstrukciju osnove bilo moguće izvršiti. Arhitektonske analize "objekta sa hipokaustom", kao i karakteristike uočene na samim cevima ukazale su na to da su prostorije bile pokrivene poluobličastim svodom, izgrađenim od lučnih vertikalnih nizova cevi koje su u temenu bile ,,zaključane" centralnim elementom. Rekonstrukcija izgleda cevi i načina njihovog ređanja uklapa se u hronologiju izvođenja objekta i svoda tokom III veka. Daljim statičkim analizama došlo se do još nekoliko saznanja. Pokazalo se da je preko svoda morao biti nanesen određen sloj malterne mase da bi debljina svoda dosegla optimalnu vrednost u opsegu 20-30 cm. Na osnovu proporcija objekta koje su određene u njegovoj osnovi ispitana je visina objekta, gde je grupa slučajeva takođe definisana proporcionalno. Prema našim analizama, zidovi prostorija "objekta sa hipokaustom" u kojima su cevi registrovane mogli su dosezati visinu do 3,08 m, dok je visina prostorija u temenu svoda mogla biti 6,16 m. Ovim istraživanjem pokušali smo da ukažemo na veliki značaj pojedinačnih arhitektonsko-građevinskih elemenata, a među njima i keramičkih cevi za svodove, kojima se često ne pridaje dovoljna pažnja. Nalazi keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu, uz izvršene arhitektonske analize, upotpunjuju sliku otkrivenog "objekta sa hipokaustom" iz više aspekata. Posebno je značajno definisanje njegove visine, koje je veoma teško za antičke građevine profane arhitekture na našem tlu budući da su najčešće sačuvane u prizemnoj ili temeljnoj zoni. Značaj nalaza keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu veliki je stoga što je on omogućio kako konkretno definisanje konteksta njihovog nalaza tako i rekonstrukciju oblika određenih delova građevine pomoću tog elementa, što do sada nije istraživano prilikom analiza antičke arhitekture na tlu jugoistočne Evrope.
AB  - The important role of the Balkans in the origin and development of metallurgy is well established with respect to copper. In addition, Aleksandar Durman, in his 1997 paper "Tin in South-eastern Europe?", essentially initiated studies into the role of the Balkans in Europe's Bronze Age tin economy. He identified six geologically favourable sites for tin mineralisation and associated fluvial placer deposits in the former Yugoslavian republics, and suggested that these may have added to the tin supply of the region. The viability of two of these sites has been confirmed (Mt Cer and Bukulja, Serbia) but the exploitation potential for the other locations has remained untested. River gravels from these four sites (Motajica and Prosara in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bujanovac in Serbia; Ogražden in North Macedonia) were obtained by stream sluicing and panning. The sites of Prosara and Bujanovac were found to be barren with respect to cassiterite (SnO 2). Streams flowing from Motajica and Ogražden were both found to contain cassiterite, but in amounts several orders of magnitude less than at Mt Cer and Bukulja. Although it is possible that minor tin recovery occurred at Motajica and Ogražden, it is unlikely that they could have contributed meaningfully to regional tin trade. This is supported by the fact that the isotopic signature (d 124 Sn) of cassiterite from Motajica is highly enriched in light isotopes of tin compared to that associated with Late Bronze Age artefacts of the region.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - Još jednom o "Kalaju u jugoistočnoj Evropi?"
T1  - Revisiting "Tin in South-eastern Europe?"
EP  - 94
IS  - 70
SP  - 85
DO  - 10.2298/STA2070085P
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Powell, Wayne and Powell, Wayne and Mladenović, Ognjen and Cruse, Steffanie and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Mathur, Ryan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Obnovom arheoloških iskopavanja antičkog kastela Timakum Minus 2019. godine stvorile su se nove mogućnosti za tumačenja njegovih građevina koje su istraživane pre više decenija. Među ostacima građevina oko antičkog kastela Timacum Minus-a posebnu pažnju privlači delimično istražen "objekat sa hipokaustom", naročito u pogledu njegovih konstruktivnih karakteristika. Pored inače čestih antičkih konstrukcija hipokausta i zidnog grejanja, među ostacima ove građevine uočena je i posebna vrsta građevinskih elemenata - keramičke cevi za svodove. Velika količina otkrivenih cevi ukazala je na to da je ova građevina zaista imala svodove izrađene od njih. Iako je pojava cevi za svodove prilikom istraživanja antičkih lokaliteta na tlu jugoistočne Evrope registrovana, ona nije dovoljno dokumentovana, kao što ni sama funkcija cevi često nije prepoznata. Jedan od razloga za to jeste nedovoljna upućenost istraživača u specifične karakteristike cevi za svodove i njihovu funkciju, usled čega se one mešaju sa vodovodnim cevima, tubulusima ili kalemovima vezanim za zidno grejanje - budući da svaki od tih elemenata pripada keramičkim proizvodima koji su namenjeni građevinarstvu. U radu su razmatrane karakteristike cevi za svodove na Timakum Minusu, kao i kontekst u kome su pronađene unutar "objekta sa hipokaustom". Na osnovu nalaza pečata kohorte Aurelije II Daradanorum određeno je da "objekat sa hipokaustom" i konstrukcija svodova od keramičkih cevi potiču iz III veka - u kome je i inače pojava tih svodova širom Rimskog carstva bila česta. Prilikom sistematizacije vrsta keramičkih cevi na Timakum Minusu posebno je izdvojena ona koje je bilo najviše u "objektu sa hipokaustom". U sklopu nje je prepoznat i sasvim specifičan centralni element koji je omogućavao da se dva niza cevi na istom pravcu, ali iz suprotnih smerova, međusobno spoje. Taj element je definisao oblik svoda kojim su bile pokrivene prostorije čiju je rekonstrukciju osnove bilo moguće izvršiti. Arhitektonske analize "objekta sa hipokaustom", kao i karakteristike uočene na samim cevima ukazale su na to da su prostorije bile pokrivene poluobličastim svodom, izgrađenim od lučnih vertikalnih nizova cevi koje su u temenu bile ,,zaključane" centralnim elementom. Rekonstrukcija izgleda cevi i načina njihovog ređanja uklapa se u hronologiju izvođenja objekta i svoda tokom III veka. Daljim statičkim analizama došlo se do još nekoliko saznanja. Pokazalo se da je preko svoda morao biti nanesen određen sloj malterne mase da bi debljina svoda dosegla optimalnu vrednost u opsegu 20-30 cm. Na osnovu proporcija objekta koje su određene u njegovoj osnovi ispitana je visina objekta, gde je grupa slučajeva takođe definisana proporcionalno. Prema našim analizama, zidovi prostorija "objekta sa hipokaustom" u kojima su cevi registrovane mogli su dosezati visinu do 3,08 m, dok je visina prostorija u temenu svoda mogla biti 6,16 m. Ovim istraživanjem pokušali smo da ukažemo na veliki značaj pojedinačnih arhitektonsko-građevinskih elemenata, a među njima i keramičkih cevi za svodove, kojima se često ne pridaje dovoljna pažnja. Nalazi keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu, uz izvršene arhitektonske analize, upotpunjuju sliku otkrivenog "objekta sa hipokaustom" iz više aspekata. Posebno je značajno definisanje njegove visine, koje je veoma teško za antičke građevine profane arhitekture na našem tlu budući da su najčešće sačuvane u prizemnoj ili temeljnoj zoni. Značaj nalaza keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu veliki je stoga što je on omogućio kako konkretno definisanje konteksta njihovog nalaza tako i rekonstrukciju oblika određenih delova građevine pomoću tog elementa, što do sada nije istraživano prilikom analiza antičke arhitekture na tlu jugoistočne Evrope., The important role of the Balkans in the origin and development of metallurgy is well established with respect to copper. In addition, Aleksandar Durman, in his 1997 paper "Tin in South-eastern Europe?", essentially initiated studies into the role of the Balkans in Europe's Bronze Age tin economy. He identified six geologically favourable sites for tin mineralisation and associated fluvial placer deposits in the former Yugoslavian republics, and suggested that these may have added to the tin supply of the region. The viability of two of these sites has been confirmed (Mt Cer and Bukulja, Serbia) but the exploitation potential for the other locations has remained untested. River gravels from these four sites (Motajica and Prosara in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bujanovac in Serbia; Ogražden in North Macedonia) were obtained by stream sluicing and panning. The sites of Prosara and Bujanovac were found to be barren with respect to cassiterite (SnO 2). Streams flowing from Motajica and Ogražden were both found to contain cassiterite, but in amounts several orders of magnitude less than at Mt Cer and Bukulja. Although it is possible that minor tin recovery occurred at Motajica and Ogražden, it is unlikely that they could have contributed meaningfully to regional tin trade. This is supported by the fact that the isotopic signature (d 124 Sn) of cassiterite from Motajica is highly enriched in light isotopes of tin compared to that associated with Late Bronze Age artefacts of the region.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "Još jednom o "Kalaju u jugoistočnoj Evropi?", Revisiting "Tin in South-eastern Europe?"",
pages = "94-85",
number = "70",
doi = "10.2298/STA2070085P"
}

Powell, W., Powell, W., Mladenović, O., Cruse, S., Bankoff, A. H.,& Mathur, R.. (2020). Još jednom o "Kalaju u jugoistočnoj Evropi?". in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(70), 85-94.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2070085P

Powell W, Powell W, Mladenović O, Cruse S, Bankoff AH, Mathur R. Još jednom o "Kalaju u jugoistočnoj Evropi?". in Starinar. 2020;(70):85-94.
doi:10.2298/STA2070085P .

Powell, Wayne, Powell, Wayne, Mladenović, Ognjen, Cruse, Steffanie, Bankoff, Arthur H., Mathur, Ryan, "Još jednom o "Kalaju u jugoistočnoj Evropi?"" in Starinar, no. 70 (2020):85-94,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2070085P . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mason, Andrea
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
AU  - Price, M.
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/336
AB  - We report the largest published dataset to date of Sn-isotopic compositions of Bronze Age artifacts (338) along with 150 cassiterite samples (75 new) from six potential tin ore sources from which the tin in these artifacts were thought to have likely originated. The artifacts are from a broad area, Central Europe through the Central Balkans, and the six tin sources are Cornwall, three sites in the Erzgebirge, and two sites in Serbia. A clustering analysis on mean site-level isotopic values of δ124Sn identifies regional variation that can be attributed to the use of different tin ore sources in different regions. Therefore, geographically meaningful regions were identified to group the Bronze Age artifact assemblages and a probabilistic, Bayesian analysis was performed to determine the proportional contribution of each tin source to each regional assemblage. Artifacts enriched in heavy isotopes (δ124Sn > 0.7‰) that cluster in west-central Serbia are likely associated with the ores from Mt. Cer in west Serbia. Mixed artifact assemblages (high and low δ124Sn) in this region are attributed to the use of cassiterite from the two Serbian sites (Mt. Cer and Mt. Bukulja). Moderate composition artifacts that occur north of the Middle Danube in Vojvodina, Transylvania, and Central Europe are likely associated primarily with ores from the West Pluton of the Erzgebirge. Compositionally light bronzes (δ124Sn < 0.2‰) in southern Serbia and the lower Danube river valley cannot be linked to a documented ore source. There is no indication of the use of ores from Cornwall or the East Pluton of the Erzgebirge in Central Europe and the Balkans during the Late Bronze Age.
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
T2  - Journal of Archaeological Science
T1  - Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes
VL  - 122
DO  - 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105181
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mason, Andrea and Powell, Wayne and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Mathur, Ryan and Price, M. and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav",
year = "2020",
abstract = "We report the largest published dataset to date of Sn-isotopic compositions of Bronze Age artifacts (338) along with 150 cassiterite samples (75 new) from six potential tin ore sources from which the tin in these artifacts were thought to have likely originated. The artifacts are from a broad area, Central Europe through the Central Balkans, and the six tin sources are Cornwall, three sites in the Erzgebirge, and two sites in Serbia. A clustering analysis on mean site-level isotopic values of δ124Sn identifies regional variation that can be attributed to the use of different tin ore sources in different regions. Therefore, geographically meaningful regions were identified to group the Bronze Age artifact assemblages and a probabilistic, Bayesian analysis was performed to determine the proportional contribution of each tin source to each regional assemblage. Artifacts enriched in heavy isotopes (δ124Sn > 0.7‰) that cluster in west-central Serbia are likely associated with the ores from Mt. Cer in west Serbia. Mixed artifact assemblages (high and low δ124Sn) in this region are attributed to the use of cassiterite from the two Serbian sites (Mt. Cer and Mt. Bukulja). Moderate composition artifacts that occur north of the Middle Danube in Vojvodina, Transylvania, and Central Europe are likely associated primarily with ores from the West Pluton of the Erzgebirge. Compositionally light bronzes (δ124Sn < 0.2‰) in southern Serbia and the lower Danube river valley cannot be linked to a documented ore source. There is no indication of the use of ores from Cornwall or the East Pluton of the Erzgebirge in Central Europe and the Balkans during the Late Bronze Age.",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
title = "Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes",
volume = "122",
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2020.105181"
}

Mason, A., Powell, W., Bankoff, A. H., Mathur, R., Price, M., Bulatović, A.,& Filipović, V.. (2020). Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes. in Journal of Archaeological Science
Elsevier Inc.., 122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105181

Mason A, Powell W, Bankoff AH, Mathur R, Price M, Bulatović A, Filipović V. Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes. in Journal of Archaeological Science. 2020;122.
doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105181 .

Mason, Andrea, Powell, Wayne, Bankoff, Arthur H., Mathur, Ryan, Price, M., Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, "Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes" in Journal of Archaeological Science, 122 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105181 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Mladenović, Ognjen
AU  - Gligorić, Rada
AU  - Mason, Andrea
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1583
AB  - Kratak izveštaj o aktivnostima u sklopu projekta Jadar u 2017. godini
PB  - Beograd : Arheološki institut
T2  - Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2017. godini
T1  - Jadar: Preliminarni rezultati kampanje 2017. godine
EP  - 86
SP  - 78
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1583
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Filipović, Vojislav and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bankoff, Arthur and Powell, Wayne and Mladenović, Ognjen and Gligorić, Rada and Mason, Andrea",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Kratak izveštaj o aktivnostima u sklopu projekta Jadar u 2017. godini",
publisher = "Beograd : Arheološki institut",
journal = "Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2017. godini",
booktitle = "Jadar: Preliminarni rezultati kampanje 2017. godine",
pages = "86-78",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1583"
}

Filipović, V., Bulatović, A., Bankoff, A., Powell, W., Mladenović, O., Gligorić, R.,& Mason, A.. (2019). Jadar: Preliminarni rezultati kampanje 2017. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2017. godini
Beograd : Arheološki institut., 78-86.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1583

Filipović V, Bulatović A, Bankoff A, Powell W, Mladenović O, Gligorić R, Mason A. Jadar: Preliminarni rezultati kampanje 2017. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2017. godini. 2019;:78-86.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1583 .

Filipović, Vojislav, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bankoff, Arthur, Powell, Wayne, Mladenović, Ognjen, Gligorić, Rada, Mason, Andrea, "Jadar: Preliminarni rezultati kampanje 2017. godine" in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2017. godini (2019):78-86,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1583 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Gligorić, Rada
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Mason, Andrea
AU  - Mladenović, Ognjen
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/450
AB  - Selo Krivajica prostire se sa obe strane lokalnog puta Loznica-Valjevo, dok je sam lokalitet
Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici smešten nešto južnije, prema varošici Zavlaci, sa leve strane lokalnog
puta, kod samog mosta na reci Krivajici (sl. 1). Lokalitet se nalazi na padini koja se prema
istoku blago spušta prema reci Jadar, a koja ujedno i predstavlja njegovu istočnu i severnu granicu.
Južnu granicu čini Krivajica, dok je
prema zapadu danas nalazište veštački
ograničeno lokalnim putem Loznica-
Valjevo sa čije se druge strane sada ne
primećuju nikakvi ostaci praistorijskih
humki.
PB  - Beograd : Arheološki institut
T2  - Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2016. godini
T1  - Lokalitet Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2016. godine
EP  - 28
SP  - 23
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_450
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Bulatović, Aleksandar and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Gligorić, Rada and Powell, Wayne and Filipović, Vojislav and Mason, Andrea and Mladenović, Ognjen",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Selo Krivajica prostire se sa obe strane lokalnog puta Loznica-Valjevo, dok je sam lokalitet
Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici smešten nešto južnije, prema varošici Zavlaci, sa leve strane lokalnog
puta, kod samog mosta na reci Krivajici (sl. 1). Lokalitet se nalazi na padini koja se prema
istoku blago spušta prema reci Jadar, a koja ujedno i predstavlja njegovu istočnu i severnu granicu.
Južnu granicu čini Krivajica, dok je
prema zapadu danas nalazište veštački
ograničeno lokalnim putem Loznica-
Valjevo sa čije se druge strane sada ne
primećuju nikakvi ostaci praistorijskih
humki.",
publisher = "Beograd : Arheološki institut",
journal = "Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2016. godini",
booktitle = "Lokalitet Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2016. godine",
pages = "28-23",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_450"
}

Bulatović, A., Bankoff, A. H., Gligorić, R., Powell, W., Filipović, V., Mason, A.,& Mladenović, O.. (2018). Lokalitet Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2016. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2016. godini
Beograd : Arheološki institut., 23-28.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_450

Bulatović A, Bankoff AH, Gligorić R, Powell W, Filipović V, Mason A, Mladenović O. Lokalitet Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2016. godine. in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2016. godini. 2018;:23-28.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_450 .

Bulatović, Aleksandar, Bankoff, Arthur H., Gligorić, Rada, Powell, Wayne, Filipović, Vojislav, Mason, Andrea, Mladenović, Ognjen, "Lokalitet Tumuli kod mosta na Krivajici: preliminarni rezultati istraživanja 2016. godine" in Arheologija u Srbiji : projekti Arheološkog instituta u 2016. godini (2018):23-28,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_450 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur
AU  - Mason, Andrea
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1442
AB  - The Balkan and Rhodope mountains of Bulgaria are rich in copper, gold, lead, zinc, and silver, for the most part associated with Alpine magmatism (Ciobanu et al. 2002). Copper ores from this region were exploited by prehistoric cultures as early as 5000 BCE (O’Brien 2014), with an estimated 500 tonnes of copper metal produced from the Chalcolithic mines of Ai Bunar alone (Черных 1978a). However, lacking volumetrically significant ores of tin, this metal must have been imported to supply Bulgarian bronze production in present day Bulgarian lands throughout Prehistory. Large-scale, trans-regional trade of tin was well established in the Late Bronze Age of the Eastern Mediterranean (Bass 1986; Galili et al. 1986). Given Bulgaria’s proximity to the Aegean, it is probable that this appropriate geographic location contributed to Bulgaria’s tin imports. However, well-documented tin ores occur in the Erzgebirge Mountains of Bohemia.  Some opinions exist about the important role of the ore deposits in the Dinaric Alps of west Serbia. These European ores may have contributed significantly to bronze production in the Lower Danube region (cf. Nessel, Pernicka, this volume).
PB  - National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
T2  - Gold&Bronze, Metals, Techologies and Interregional Contacts between in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age
T1  - Tin Sources and regional Trade in the Bronze Age of Southeast Europe: Evidence from Tin Isotopes
EP  - 149
SP  - 141
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1442
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Powell, Wayne and Bankoff, Arthur and Mason, Andrea and Mathur, Ryan and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The Balkan and Rhodope mountains of Bulgaria are rich in copper, gold, lead, zinc, and silver, for the most part associated with Alpine magmatism (Ciobanu et al. 2002). Copper ores from this region were exploited by prehistoric cultures as early as 5000 BCE (O’Brien 2014), with an estimated 500 tonnes of copper metal produced from the Chalcolithic mines of Ai Bunar alone (Черных 1978a). However, lacking volumetrically significant ores of tin, this metal must have been imported to supply Bulgarian bronze production in present day Bulgarian lands throughout Prehistory. Large-scale, trans-regional trade of tin was well established in the Late Bronze Age of the Eastern Mediterranean (Bass 1986; Galili et al. 1986). Given Bulgaria’s proximity to the Aegean, it is probable that this appropriate geographic location contributed to Bulgaria’s tin imports. However, well-documented tin ores occur in the Erzgebirge Mountains of Bohemia.  Some opinions exist about the important role of the ore deposits in the Dinaric Alps of west Serbia. These European ores may have contributed significantly to bronze production in the Lower Danube region (cf. Nessel, Pernicka, this volume).",
publisher = "National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia",
journal = "Gold&Bronze, Metals, Techologies and Interregional Contacts between in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age",
booktitle = "Tin Sources and regional Trade in the Bronze Age of Southeast Europe: Evidence from Tin Isotopes",
pages = "149-141",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1442"
}

Powell, W., Bankoff, A., Mason, A., Mathur, R., Bulatović, A.,& Filipović, V.. (2018). Tin Sources and regional Trade in the Bronze Age of Southeast Europe: Evidence from Tin Isotopes. in Gold&Bronze, Metals, Techologies and Interregional Contacts between in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age
National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia., 141-149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1442

Powell W, Bankoff A, Mason A, Mathur R, Bulatović A, Filipović V. Tin Sources and regional Trade in the Bronze Age of Southeast Europe: Evidence from Tin Isotopes. in Gold&Bronze, Metals, Techologies and Interregional Contacts between in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age. 2018;:141-149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1442 .

Powell, Wayne, Bankoff, Arthur, Mason, Andrea, Mathur, Ryan, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, "Tin Sources and regional Trade in the Bronze Age of Southeast Europe: Evidence from Tin Isotopes" in Gold&Bronze, Metals, Techologies and Interregional Contacts between in the Eastern Balkans during the Bronze Age (2018):141-149,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1442 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - John, J.
AU  - Chvojka, O.
AU  - Tisucka, M.
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/294
AB  - We present a detailed response to the critique by Mr. Jansen of the paper "Digging Deeper: Insights into Metallurgical Transitions in European Prehistory through Copper Isotopes". When we consider Cu isotope ratios of European Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age artifacts in the context of their local geological settings, climates, and archaeological contexts, Mr. Jansen's hypothesis that Cu-63 enrichment results from the adoption of fahlore ores is untenable. In both Serbia and Central Europe, the earliest copper production is associated with Cu-65-enriched ores and subsequently produced artifacts yield lower ranges delta Cu-65. This shift in Cu isotopic composition correlates with the initial use of predominantly hypogene ores, not with variations in their trace element content. Essentially the expanded dataset supports the conclusions that were presented in the original paper-Cu isotopes are an effective means of delineating the transition from oxide-based smelting to methodologically more complex smelting of sulphide ores in prehistoric Europe with its relatively limited production and trade. Mixing did not mask the critical Cu isotope signatures in this setting. Therefore, Cu isotope compositions of artifacts can be used to interpret the mineralogical character of the ores from which they were produced, regardless of their provenance, as long as trade networks remained within a region of similar climatic history.
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London
T2  - Journal of Archaeological Science
T1  - Copper isotopes as a means of determining regional metallurgical practices in European prehistory: A reply to Jansen
EP  - 221
SP  - 216
VL  - 93
DO  - 10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Powell, Wayne and Mathur, Ryan and Bankoff, Arthur H. and John, J. and Chvojka, O. and Tisucka, M. and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav",
year = "2018",
abstract = "We present a detailed response to the critique by Mr. Jansen of the paper "Digging Deeper: Insights into Metallurgical Transitions in European Prehistory through Copper Isotopes". When we consider Cu isotope ratios of European Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age artifacts in the context of their local geological settings, climates, and archaeological contexts, Mr. Jansen's hypothesis that Cu-63 enrichment results from the adoption of fahlore ores is untenable. In both Serbia and Central Europe, the earliest copper production is associated with Cu-65-enriched ores and subsequently produced artifacts yield lower ranges delta Cu-65. This shift in Cu isotopic composition correlates with the initial use of predominantly hypogene ores, not with variations in their trace element content. Essentially the expanded dataset supports the conclusions that were presented in the original paper-Cu isotopes are an effective means of delineating the transition from oxide-based smelting to methodologically more complex smelting of sulphide ores in prehistoric Europe with its relatively limited production and trade. Mixing did not mask the critical Cu isotope signatures in this setting. Therefore, Cu isotope compositions of artifacts can be used to interpret the mineralogical character of the ores from which they were produced, regardless of their provenance, as long as trade networks remained within a region of similar climatic history.",
publisher = "Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
title = "Copper isotopes as a means of determining regional metallurgical practices in European prehistory: A reply to Jansen",
pages = "221-216",
volume = "93",
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.015"
}

Powell, W., Mathur, R., Bankoff, A. H., John, J., Chvojka, O., Tisucka, M., Bulatović, A.,& Filipović, V.. (2018). Copper isotopes as a means of determining regional metallurgical practices in European prehistory: A reply to Jansen. in Journal of Archaeological Science
Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London., 93, 216-221.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.015

Powell W, Mathur R, Bankoff AH, John J, Chvojka O, Tisucka M, Bulatović A, Filipović V. Copper isotopes as a means of determining regional metallurgical practices in European prehistory: A reply to Jansen. in Journal of Archaeological Science. 2018;93:216-221.
doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.015 .

Powell, Wayne, Mathur, Ryan, Bankoff, Arthur H., John, J., Chvojka, O., Tisucka, M., Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, "Copper isotopes as a means of determining regional metallurgical practices in European prehistory: A reply to Jansen" in Journal of Archaeological Science, 93 (2018):216-221,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.02.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Mason, Andrea
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Godfrey, Linda
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/267
AB  - Southeastern Europe is the birthplace of metallurgy, with evidence of copper smelting at ca. 5000 BCE. There the later Eneolithic (Copper Age) was associated with the casting of massive copper tools. However, copper metallurgy in this region ceased, or significantly decreased, centuries before the dawn of the Bronze Age. Archaeologists continue to be debate whether this hiatus was imposed on early metalworking communities as a result of exhaustion of workable mineral resources, or instead a cultural transition that was associated with changes in depositional practices and material culture. Copper isotopes provide a broadly applicable means of addressing this question. Copper isotopes fractionate in the near-surface environment such that surficial oxide ores can be differentiated from non-weathered sulphide ores that occur at greater depth. This compositional variation is transferred to associated copper artifacts, the final product of the metallurgical process. In the central Balkans, a shift from 65Cu-enriched to 65Cu-depleted copper artifacts occurs across the metallurgical hiatus at the Eneolithic-Bronze Age boundary, ca. 2500 BCE. This indicates that the reemergence of metal production at the beginning of the Bronze Age is associated with pyrotechnical advancements that allowed for the extraction of copper from sulphide ore. Thus copper isotopes provide direct evidence that the copper hiatus was the result of exhaustion of near-surface oxide ores after one-and-a-half millennia of mining, and that the beginning of the Bronze Age in the Balkans is associated with the introduction of more complex smelting techniques for metal extraction from regionally abundant sulphidic deposits.
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London
T2  - Journal of Archaeological Science
T1  - Digging deeper: Insights into metallurgical transitions in European prehistory through copper isotopes
EP  - 46
SP  - 37
VL  - 88
DO  - 10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Powell, Wayne and Mathur, Ryan and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Mason, Andrea and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav and Godfrey, Linda",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Southeastern Europe is the birthplace of metallurgy, with evidence of copper smelting at ca. 5000 BCE. There the later Eneolithic (Copper Age) was associated with the casting of massive copper tools. However, copper metallurgy in this region ceased, or significantly decreased, centuries before the dawn of the Bronze Age. Archaeologists continue to be debate whether this hiatus was imposed on early metalworking communities as a result of exhaustion of workable mineral resources, or instead a cultural transition that was associated with changes in depositional practices and material culture. Copper isotopes provide a broadly applicable means of addressing this question. Copper isotopes fractionate in the near-surface environment such that surficial oxide ores can be differentiated from non-weathered sulphide ores that occur at greater depth. This compositional variation is transferred to associated copper artifacts, the final product of the metallurgical process. In the central Balkans, a shift from 65Cu-enriched to 65Cu-depleted copper artifacts occurs across the metallurgical hiatus at the Eneolithic-Bronze Age boundary, ca. 2500 BCE. This indicates that the reemergence of metal production at the beginning of the Bronze Age is associated with pyrotechnical advancements that allowed for the extraction of copper from sulphide ore. Thus copper isotopes provide direct evidence that the copper hiatus was the result of exhaustion of near-surface oxide ores after one-and-a-half millennia of mining, and that the beginning of the Bronze Age in the Balkans is associated with the introduction of more complex smelting techniques for metal extraction from regionally abundant sulphidic deposits.",
publisher = "Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
title = "Digging deeper: Insights into metallurgical transitions in European prehistory through copper isotopes",
pages = "46-37",
volume = "88",
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.012"
}

Powell, W., Mathur, R., Bankoff, A. H., Mason, A., Bulatović, A., Filipović, V.,& Godfrey, L.. (2017). Digging deeper: Insights into metallurgical transitions in European prehistory through copper isotopes. in Journal of Archaeological Science
Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London., 88, 37-46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.012

Powell W, Mathur R, Bankoff AH, Mason A, Bulatović A, Filipović V, Godfrey L. Digging deeper: Insights into metallurgical transitions in European prehistory through copper isotopes. in Journal of Archaeological Science. 2017;88:37-46.
doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.012 .

Powell, Wayne, Mathur, Ryan, Bankoff, Arthur H., Mason, Andrea, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, Godfrey, Linda, "Digging deeper: Insights into metallurgical transitions in European prehistory through copper isotopes" in Journal of Archaeological Science, 88 (2017):37-46,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mason, Andrea
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Mathur, Ryan
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Ruiz, J.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/256
AB  - Isotopic analysis has proved to be an effective approach to determine the provenance of copper ore sources for the production of bronze artifacts. More recently, methods for Sn isotopic analysis of bronze have been developed. However, the viability of tin isotopes as a means to define groupings that may be attributed to varying ore sources, production methods, or recycling is still in question. In part, this is due to the numerically and/or geographically limited nature of published datasets. This study reports on the Sn isotopic composition of 52 artifacts from the later Bronze Age (1500-1100 BCE) from Serbia and western Romania. The majority of samples cluster between 0.4 and 0.8 per mil for delta Sn-124, and 0.2 and 0.4 per mil for delta Sn-120 (relative to NIST SRM 3161A), and this isotopic grouping of bronze artifacts occurs across Serbia. However, groupings of isotopically heavier and lighter artifacts are evident, and each corresponds to a more limited geographic range. Artifacts associated with higher delta Sn values are limited to the Vojvodina region of northern Serbia, whereas a cluster of bronzes with lower Sn-isotopic signatures are constrained to the Banat along the Serbia-Romania border, and Transylvania. One low-value outlier corresponds to an uncontextualized find near Krusevac at the southern extent of the study area. Geographic correlation of the low-value cluster with known tin mineralization in Transylvania, and the moderate-value cluster with placer tin deposits of western Serbia, suggests that these distinct bronze Sn-isotopic signatures might reflect exploitation of different tin ores. The small cluster of high Sn-isotopic values from bronzes from the Vojvodina region might reflect bronze recycling in this area that lies furthest from both known tin ore sources.
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London
T2  - Journal of Archaeological Science
T1  - Tin isotope characterization of bronze artifacts of the central Balkans
EP  - 117
SP  - 110
VL  - 69
DO  - 10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mason, Andrea and Powell, Wayne and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Mathur, Ryan and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav and Ruiz, J.",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Isotopic analysis has proved to be an effective approach to determine the provenance of copper ore sources for the production of bronze artifacts. More recently, methods for Sn isotopic analysis of bronze have been developed. However, the viability of tin isotopes as a means to define groupings that may be attributed to varying ore sources, production methods, or recycling is still in question. In part, this is due to the numerically and/or geographically limited nature of published datasets. This study reports on the Sn isotopic composition of 52 artifacts from the later Bronze Age (1500-1100 BCE) from Serbia and western Romania. The majority of samples cluster between 0.4 and 0.8 per mil for delta Sn-124, and 0.2 and 0.4 per mil for delta Sn-120 (relative to NIST SRM 3161A), and this isotopic grouping of bronze artifacts occurs across Serbia. However, groupings of isotopically heavier and lighter artifacts are evident, and each corresponds to a more limited geographic range. Artifacts associated with higher delta Sn values are limited to the Vojvodina region of northern Serbia, whereas a cluster of bronzes with lower Sn-isotopic signatures are constrained to the Banat along the Serbia-Romania border, and Transylvania. One low-value outlier corresponds to an uncontextualized find near Krusevac at the southern extent of the study area. Geographic correlation of the low-value cluster with known tin mineralization in Transylvania, and the moderate-value cluster with placer tin deposits of western Serbia, suggests that these distinct bronze Sn-isotopic signatures might reflect exploitation of different tin ores. The small cluster of high Sn-isotopic values from bronzes from the Vojvodina region might reflect bronze recycling in this area that lies furthest from both known tin ore sources.",
publisher = "Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
title = "Tin isotope characterization of bronze artifacts of the central Balkans",
pages = "117-110",
volume = "69",
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.012"
}

Mason, A., Powell, W., Bankoff, A. H., Mathur, R., Bulatović, A., Filipović, V.,& Ruiz, J.. (2016). Tin isotope characterization of bronze artifacts of the central Balkans. in Journal of Archaeological Science
Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London., 69, 110-117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.012

Mason A, Powell W, Bankoff AH, Mathur R, Bulatović A, Filipović V, Ruiz J. Tin isotope characterization of bronze artifacts of the central Balkans. in Journal of Archaeological Science. 2016;69:110-117.
doi:10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.012 .

Mason, Andrea, Powell, Wayne, Bankoff, Arthur H., Mathur, Ryan, Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, Ruiz, J., "Tin isotope characterization of bronze artifacts of the central Balkans" in Journal of Archaeological Science, 69 (2016):110-117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huska, A.
AU  - Powell, Wayne
AU  - Mitrović, S.
AU  - Bankoff, Arthur H.
AU  - Bulatović, Aleksandar
AU  - Filipović, Vojislav
AU  - Boger, R.
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/206
AB  - Tin is a rare metal that is essential for making bronze, the defining technology of the Bronze Age. The source(s) of tin for Aegean bronze is undetermined but several small Bronze Age tin mines have been documented in the circum-Aegean region. The discovery of Bronze Age archaeological sites in West Serbia near a tin placer deposit on the flanks of Mt. Cer led to an investigation of this site as a potential additional Bronze Age tin mine in the region. Geochemical prospecting of stream sediments flowing from Mt. Cer allowed for categorization of streams based on relative tin grade. Tin grade is highest in the Milinska River, a likely combination of a broad catchment area with multiple ore-bearing tributaries, and a topographic profile that favors the accumulation of placer deposits. A survey of cornfields along the southern pluton margin discovered archaeological sites spanning the Neolithic to the Iron Age. Unlike older and younger sites, those of the Bronze Age were found only along the Milinska and Cernica Rivers where placer tin grades are highest, but appear to be absent where tin is scarce or absent. This suggests that these sites were associated with the exploitation of the tin ore.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Geoarchaeology-An International Journal
T1  - Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age
EP  - 493
IS  - 6
SP  - 477
VL  - 29
DO  - 10.1002/gea.21488
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Huska, A. and Powell, Wayne and Mitrović, S. and Bankoff, Arthur H. and Bulatović, Aleksandar and Filipović, Vojislav and Boger, R.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Tin is a rare metal that is essential for making bronze, the defining technology of the Bronze Age. The source(s) of tin for Aegean bronze is undetermined but several small Bronze Age tin mines have been documented in the circum-Aegean region. The discovery of Bronze Age archaeological sites in West Serbia near a tin placer deposit on the flanks of Mt. Cer led to an investigation of this site as a potential additional Bronze Age tin mine in the region. Geochemical prospecting of stream sediments flowing from Mt. Cer allowed for categorization of streams based on relative tin grade. Tin grade is highest in the Milinska River, a likely combination of a broad catchment area with multiple ore-bearing tributaries, and a topographic profile that favors the accumulation of placer deposits. A survey of cornfields along the southern pluton margin discovered archaeological sites spanning the Neolithic to the Iron Age. Unlike older and younger sites, those of the Bronze Age were found only along the Milinska and Cernica Rivers where placer tin grades are highest, but appear to be absent where tin is scarce or absent. This suggests that these sites were associated with the exploitation of the tin ore.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Geoarchaeology-An International Journal",
title = "Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age",
pages = "493-477",
number = "6",
volume = "29",
doi = "10.1002/gea.21488"
}

Huska, A., Powell, W., Mitrović, S., Bankoff, A. H., Bulatović, A., Filipović, V.,& Boger, R.. (2014). Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age. in Geoarchaeology-An International Journal
Wiley, Hoboken., 29(6), 477-493.
https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21488

Huska A, Powell W, Mitrović S, Bankoff AH, Bulatović A, Filipović V, Boger R. Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age. in Geoarchaeology-An International Journal. 2014;29(6):477-493.
doi:10.1002/gea.21488 .

Huska, A., Powell, Wayne, Mitrović, S., Bankoff, Arthur H., Bulatović, Aleksandar, Filipović, Vojislav, Boger, R., "Placer Tin Ores from Mt. Cer, West Serbia, and Their Potential Exploitation during the Bronze Age" in Geoarchaeology-An International Journal, 29, no. 6 (2014):477-493,
https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21488 . .