TY  - CONF
AU  - Popović, Danijela
AU  - Krajcarz, Magdalena
AU  - Krajcarz, Maciej
AU  - Bielichová, Zora
AU  - Bulatović, Jelena
AU  - Dimitrijević, Vesna
AU  - Makowiecki, Daniel
AU  - Marković, Nemanja
AU  - Živaljević, Ivana
AU  - Baca, Mateusz
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1370
AB  - Advances in paleogenomic research have provided new information about domesticated animals,
but we still know little about the history of cats. Until now, only one subspecies, the Near
Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), was known to have been domesticated. The domestication
areas were assumed to be the Near East and Egypt. From this region, cats spread to the
Mediterranean and beyond. It has been accepted that the Roman legions played the primary
role in the expansion of cats through northern Europe. However, we found that cats that carried
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes of wildcats from the Near East were present in Central
Europe as early as the Neolithic, well before Roman times, and may have been associated
with Neolithic expansion. Our new results reveal the presence of the mtDNA haplotypes of the
Near Eastern wildcats in Poland even in the pre-Neolithic period. This may suggest that the
Near Eastern wildcats could have spread across Europe independently of agricultural expansion.
Consequently, the natural range of Near Eastern wildcats may have been much broader than
previously assumed. To understand how and when domestic cats appeared in Central Europe,
we performed a target enrichment of ca. 57,000 genomic SNPs. We believe that this will allow us
to definitively determine whether the appearance of the Near Eastern wildcat mtDNA in Central
Europe was a natural admixture between the two subspecies or whether it was a human-induced
dispersal of tame/domestic cats. The study is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland,
grant no. 2019/35/B/HS3/02923.
PB  - Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
C3  - 10th meeting of the ICAZ Archaeozoology, Genetics, Proteomics and Morphometrics (AGPM) Working Group
T1  - The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe: human-induced dispersal or natural introgression?
SP  - 45
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1370
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Popović, Danijela and Krajcarz, Magdalena and Krajcarz, Maciej and Bielichová, Zora and Bulatović, Jelena and Dimitrijević, Vesna and Makowiecki, Daniel and Marković, Nemanja and Živaljević, Ivana and Baca, Mateusz",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Advances in paleogenomic research have provided new information about domesticated animals,
but we still know little about the history of cats. Until now, only one subspecies, the Near
Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), was known to have been domesticated. The domestication
areas were assumed to be the Near East and Egypt. From this region, cats spread to the
Mediterranean and beyond. It has been accepted that the Roman legions played the primary
role in the expansion of cats through northern Europe. However, we found that cats that carried
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes of wildcats from the Near East were present in Central
Europe as early as the Neolithic, well before Roman times, and may have been associated
with Neolithic expansion. Our new results reveal the presence of the mtDNA haplotypes of the
Near Eastern wildcats in Poland even in the pre-Neolithic period. This may suggest that the
Near Eastern wildcats could have spread across Europe independently of agricultural expansion.
Consequently, the natural range of Near Eastern wildcats may have been much broader than
previously assumed. To understand how and when domestic cats appeared in Central Europe,
we performed a target enrichment of ca. 57,000 genomic SNPs. We believe that this will allow us
to definitively determine whether the appearance of the Near Eastern wildcat mtDNA in Central
Europe was a natural admixture between the two subspecies or whether it was a human-induced
dispersal of tame/domestic cats. The study is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland,
grant no. 2019/35/B/HS3/02923.",
publisher = "Ludwig Maximilian University Munich",
journal = "10th meeting of the ICAZ Archaeozoology, Genetics, Proteomics and Morphometrics (AGPM) Working Group",
title = "The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe: human-induced dispersal or natural introgression?",
pages = "45",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1370"
}

Popović, D., Krajcarz, M., Krajcarz, M., Bielichová, Z., Bulatović, J., Dimitrijević, V., Makowiecki, D., Marković, N., Živaljević, I.,& Baca, M.. (2023). The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe: human-induced dispersal or natural introgression?. in 10th meeting of the ICAZ Archaeozoology, Genetics, Proteomics and Morphometrics (AGPM) Working Group
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich., 45.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1370

Popović D, Krajcarz M, Krajcarz M, Bielichová Z, Bulatović J, Dimitrijević V, Makowiecki D, Marković N, Živaljević I, Baca M. The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe: human-induced dispersal or natural introgression?. in 10th meeting of the ICAZ Archaeozoology, Genetics, Proteomics and Morphometrics (AGPM) Working Group. 2023;:45.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1370 .

Popović, Danijela, Krajcarz, Magdalena, Krajcarz, Maciej, Bielichová, Zora, Bulatović, Jelena, Dimitrijević, Vesna, Makowiecki, Daniel, Marković, Nemanja, Živaljević, Ivana, Baca, Mateusz, "The history of the domestic cat in Central Europe: human-induced dispersal or natural introgression?" in 10th meeting of the ICAZ Archaeozoology, Genetics, Proteomics and Morphometrics (AGPM) Working Group (2023):45,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1370 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Krajcarz, Magdalena
AU  - Krajcarz, Maciej
AU  - Bielichová, Zora
AU  - Bulatović, Jelena
AU  - Csippán, Péter
AU  - Dimitrijević, Vesna
AU  - Марковић, Nemanja
AU  - Živaljević, Ivana
AU  - Makowiecki, Daniel
AU  - Baca, Mateusz
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1377
AB  - Despite significant progress in paleogenomics and the increasing amount of new data on
animal domestication, we still know little about the history of cats. Until now, it was
known that only one subspecies, the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), was
domesticated. The domestication area was assumed to be the Near East during the
Neolithic period, with a prominent role in ancient Egypt. From this region, the cats spread
through the Mediterranean and beyond. It has been accepted that the primary role in the
expansion of cats through northern Europe was that of the Roman legions. However, we
found that cats that carried mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes of wildcats from the
Near East were present in Central Europe already in the Neolithic, much before Roman
times. This indicates that the cats' route from the domestication centers to Central
Europe might have been more complex than previously thought and could have been
related to the Neolithic expansion. Our new results reveal the presence of the mtDNA
haplotypes of the Near Eastern wildcats in Poland even in the pre-Neolithic period. This
may suggest that the Near Eastern wildcats could spread across Europe independently of
the expansion of farming, and, in consequence, the natural range of the Near Eastern
wildcat could have been much broader than previously assumed. To understand how and
when domestic cats appeared in Central Europe, we perform a target enrichment of ca.
57,000 genomic SNPs. We believe that it will allow us to finally determine whether the
appearance of the Near Eastern wildcat mtDNA in Central Europe was a natural admixture
between two subspecies or was human-mediated dispersal of tamed/domesticated cats.
The study is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant no.
2019/35/B/HS3/02923.
PB  - Estonian National Museum, Tartu, Estonia
C3  - Book of Abstracts :  10th Meeting of the International Society for Biomolecular Archaeology (ISBA) New Horizons in Biomolecular Archaeology
T1  - Tracing the early spread of domestic cat in Central Europe: Human-mediated dispersal or natural introgression?
SP  - 164
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1377
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Krajcarz, Magdalena and Krajcarz, Maciej and Bielichová, Zora and Bulatović, Jelena and Csippán, Péter and Dimitrijević, Vesna and Марковић, Nemanja and Živaljević, Ivana and Makowiecki, Daniel and Baca, Mateusz",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Despite significant progress in paleogenomics and the increasing amount of new data on
animal domestication, we still know little about the history of cats. Until now, it was
known that only one subspecies, the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), was
domesticated. The domestication area was assumed to be the Near East during the
Neolithic period, with a prominent role in ancient Egypt. From this region, the cats spread
through the Mediterranean and beyond. It has been accepted that the primary role in the
expansion of cats through northern Europe was that of the Roman legions. However, we
found that cats that carried mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes of wildcats from the
Near East were present in Central Europe already in the Neolithic, much before Roman
times. This indicates that the cats' route from the domestication centers to Central
Europe might have been more complex than previously thought and could have been
related to the Neolithic expansion. Our new results reveal the presence of the mtDNA
haplotypes of the Near Eastern wildcats in Poland even in the pre-Neolithic period. This
may suggest that the Near Eastern wildcats could spread across Europe independently of
the expansion of farming, and, in consequence, the natural range of the Near Eastern
wildcat could have been much broader than previously assumed. To understand how and
when domestic cats appeared in Central Europe, we perform a target enrichment of ca.
57,000 genomic SNPs. We believe that it will allow us to finally determine whether the
appearance of the Near Eastern wildcat mtDNA in Central Europe was a natural admixture
between two subspecies or was human-mediated dispersal of tamed/domesticated cats.
The study is supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant no.
2019/35/B/HS3/02923.",
publisher = "Estonian National Museum, Tartu, Estonia",
journal = "Book of Abstracts :  10th Meeting of the International Society for Biomolecular Archaeology (ISBA) New Horizons in Biomolecular Archaeology",
title = "Tracing the early spread of domestic cat in Central Europe: Human-mediated dispersal or natural introgression?",
pages = "164",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1377"
}

Krajcarz, M., Krajcarz, M., Bielichová, Z., Bulatović, J., Csippán, P., Dimitrijević, V., Марковић, N., Živaljević, I., Makowiecki, D.,& Baca, M.. (2023). Tracing the early spread of domestic cat in Central Europe: Human-mediated dispersal or natural introgression?. in Book of Abstracts :  10th Meeting of the International Society for Biomolecular Archaeology (ISBA) New Horizons in Biomolecular Archaeology
Estonian National Museum, Tartu, Estonia., 164.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1377

Krajcarz M, Krajcarz M, Bielichová Z, Bulatović J, Csippán P, Dimitrijević V, Марковић N, Živaljević I, Makowiecki D, Baca M. Tracing the early spread of domestic cat in Central Europe: Human-mediated dispersal or natural introgression?. in Book of Abstracts :  10th Meeting of the International Society for Biomolecular Archaeology (ISBA) New Horizons in Biomolecular Archaeology. 2023;:164.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1377 .

Krajcarz, Magdalena, Krajcarz, Maciej, Bielichová, Zora, Bulatović, Jelena, Csippán, Péter, Dimitrijević, Vesna, Марковић, Nemanja, Živaljević, Ivana, Makowiecki, Daniel, Baca, Mateusz, "Tracing the early spread of domestic cat in Central Europe: Human-mediated dispersal or natural introgression?" in Book of Abstracts :  10th Meeting of the International Society for Biomolecular Archaeology (ISBA) New Horizons in Biomolecular Archaeology (2023):164,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rai_1377 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živaljević, Ivana
AU  - Vuković-Bogdanović, Sonja I.
AU  - Bogdanović, Ivan
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/302
AB  - Položaj Viminacijuma, rimskog grada i legijskog logora smeštenog u blizini ušća Mlave u Dunav (sl. 1), ukazuje da su njegovi stanovnici imali direktan pristup rečnim izvorima hrane, te je riba najverovatnije činila deo njihove ishrane. Međutim, relativno se malo zna o ribolovu u rimskom periodu u ovom delu Podunavlja, a ribolovačke aktivnosti često ostaju arheološki manje vidljive ili nedovoljno proučene. Ova okolnost se može objasniti slabijim mogućnostima očuvanja ribljih kostiju, njihovom poroznošću i generalno malim dimenzijama, što dovodi do toga da se po pravilu previde (posebno u slučaju sitnijih vrsta) prilikom ručnog sakupljanja materijala. Tako su u velikoj faunističkoj zbirci sa Viminacijuma riblje kosti zastupljene sa svega nekoliko desetina primeraka, za razliku od kostiju sisara čiji broj iznosi više od 20.000. Međutim, iako malobrojni, riblji ostaci sa Viminacijuma predstavljaju važan izvor podataka o ishrani i snabdevanju ribom, ribolovačkim praksama, odabiru vrsta i veličini ulova, kao i o potencijalnim razlikama u prehrambenim navikama i pristupu kvalitetnijoj ribi u gradu i u njegovoj okolini. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati arheozoološke analize ribljih ostataka koji su do sada konstatovani na tri različite lokacije na Viminacijumu: na području amfiteatra, koji se nalazi u užem gradskom jezgru, u otpadnom prostoru, koji se nalazio u okviru istočne nekropole, udaljene oko 450 m od legijskog utvrđenja (lokalitet Pirivoj), i u naselju, koje je predstavljalo ekonomsko-industrijski centar, udaljen oko 2,5 km od legijskog utvrđenja (lokalitet Nad Klepečkom) (sl. 2). Osim arheozooloških podataka, u radu su prikazani i nalazi ribolovačke opreme sa Viminacijuma, koji pružaju širu sliku o ribarskim tehnikama, kao i relevantni istorijski izvori u cilju boljeg sagledavanja mogućih značenja koja su pridavana različitim vrstama riba. Riblji faunistički uzorak sa Viminacijuma čine 74 primerka kostiju, a od toga 48 potiče sa prostora amfiteatra, 22 sa lokaliteta Nad Klepečkom i 4 sa Pirivoja (tabela 1; sl. 3). U uzorku su zastupljene slatkovodne ribe, koje su po svoj prilici lovljene u Mlavi i Dunavu: vrste iz porodice šaranki (šaran Cyprinus carpio i bucov Aspius aspius, sl. 4), štuka (Esox lucius, sl. 5), smuđ (Sander lucioperca, sl. 6) i som (Silurus glanis, sl. 7). Od toga se jedino kosti šaranki i soma javljaju i izvan gradskog jezgra, što bi moglo ukazivati na to da su se tim ribama hranili stanovnici grada i okoline, ali i da su se one mogle koristiti u okviru pogrebnih rituala na prostoru istočne nekropole Viminacijuma. U slučaju uzorka sa amfiteatra, kosti šarana, štuke, smuđa i soma bile su očuvane u dovoljnoj meri, te je bilo moguće izmeriti ih i rekonstruisati veličinu primeraka (tabela 2). Većinom su u pitanju bile krupne jedinke, što se moglo i očekivati budući da ostaci sitnijih riba verovatno nisu sakupljeni. Pored toga, može se pretpostaviti da je najbolji ulov iz obližnjih reka verovatno stizao na trpezu stanovnika grada i legijskog logora. Pored slatkovodnih vrsta, u uzorku sa amfiteatra identifikovani su i ostaci krupnih riba iz porodice jesetrovki, koje su sve do izgradnje đerdapskih brana migrirale u Dunav iz Crnog mora. U pitanju su ostaci ruske jesetre (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), pastruge (Acipenser stellatus), kečige (Acipenser ruthenus) (jedine slatkovodne jesetrovke) (sl. 8) i posebno brojni ostaci morune (Huso huso, sl. 9), najvećeg predstavnika ove porodice. Prilično veliki broj kostiju jesetrovki u uzorku, njihove impresivne dimenzije (tabela 2), kao i kontekst nalaza (isključivo prostor amfiteatra) ukazuju na to da su te ribe bile posebno cenjene i verovatno namenjene određenim slojevima gradskog stanovništva. Najimpresivniji ulov predstavljale su svakako morune, budući da je većina izmerenih kostiju poticala od primeraka koji su bili dugi između 3 m i 3,5 m, ali su lovljeni i krupniji primerci, dugi i preko 5 m (sl. 10). Poseban kuriozitet je to što su te ogromne ribe dopremane u komadu, budući da veći broj tragova kasapljenja na kostima (sl. 9) ukazuje da su pripremane za konzumaciju u samom gradu. Ovaj podatak postaje još značajniji ako se uzme u obzir i to da su se od praistorije do izgradnje brana najbolja mesta za ribolov na jesetrovke nalazila na području Đerdapa (sl. 11), nizvodno oko 100 km od Viminacijuma. Iako Elijanovo delo De Natura Animalium ne predstavlja izvor iz prve ruke, u njemu opisani ribolov na dunavske jesetrovke, u okviru pejzaža koji podseća na Đerdap, navodi na pretpostavku da je ovo ribarsko područje bilo u upotrebi i tokom rimskog perioda. Moglo bi se stoga pretpostaviti da su i jesetrovke koje su se konzumirale u Viminacijumu stizale iz ove oblasti, moguće sušene, usoljene ili čak i žive. Određeni pisani izvori dodatno ukazuju na status koje su jesetrovke uživale u rimskom periodu - i kao poslastice na gozbama, ali i kao statusni simboli. Marcijal u Epigramima (Epigrammata) navodi da su ove ribe dostojne carske trpeze, a Makrobije ih u svom delu Saturnalia (navodeći reči različitih antičkih autora) opisuje kao retke poslastice, previše vredne da bi se delile s drugima, pa čak i kao božanstva čije su iznošenje na trpezu pratile sluge i zvuci frule. Iako se Marcijal i Makrobije ne osvrću konkretno na jesetrovke iz Dunava, može se pretpostaviti da su ove krupne ribe i doživljavane na sličan način i u Viminacijumu, kao i u drugim podunavskim gradovima. Pored ribljih ostataka, određen uvid u ribolovne tehnike pružaju i sporadični nalazi ribolovačke opreme sa Viminacijuma - tegovi za mreže i udice (sl. 12). Osim na Viminacijumu, takvi predmeti poznati su i sa drugih lokaliteta na dunavskom limesu. Pored lokalno dostupne i migratorne ribe, koja je verovatno dopremana sa Đerdapa, određeni stanovnici Viminacijuma su se po svoj prilici snabdevali i morskom hranom nabavljenom iz udaljenih oblasti. Direktna svedočanstva o trgovini iz mediteranskih oblasti predstavljaju ljušture mekušaca, a ona indirektna jesu određeni tipovi amfora koje su verovatno sadržale proizvode od prerađene morske ribe i riblje soseve. Iako malobrojni, ostaci riba sa Viminacijuma, kao i nalazi ribolovačke opreme i amfora korišćenih verovatno za transport ribljih proizvoda pružaju važne podatke o ishrani i snabdevanju ribom na prostoru glavnog grada provincije i njegove okoline. Lokalno dostupne slatkovodne vrste, poput šarana i soma, konzumirale su se po svoj prilici i u gradu i u njegovoj okolini, a moguće je i da su korišćene u okviru pogrebnih rituala. Međutim, kvalitetnija riba (poput jesetrovki) verovatno je konzumirana u određenim prilikama i/ili krugovima, predstavljajući važan deo društvenog života u gradu i način za isticanje statusa. Ne treba isključiti ni mogućnost da su se sitnije, lokalno dostupne ribe, čiji se ostaci generalno previde prilikom ručnog sakupljanja, konzumirale mnogo češće i među svim slojevima društva.
AB  - The paper presents the results of archaezoological analysis of fish remains from three locations at Viminacium (the Amphitheatre, Nad Klepečkom and Pirivoj), discussed jointly with finds of fishing equipment and relevant written sources on the subject. Albeit small and biased due to the hand-collection of animal bones, the fish faunal assemblage from Vimincium provides valuable data on the choice of exploited species, fishing and fish transportation practices, and patterns of consumption and deposition in the city and its surroundings. In addition to remains of locally available freshwater fish, occurring at all three sites, the Amphitheatre sample contained the remains of large anadromous sturgeons, possibly obtained from the downstream, Iron Gates area. Their size, contextual provenance, as well as their exceptional status according to written sources, indicates that there had been notable differences in access to high-quality fish among the different social classes at Viminacium.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - Ad palatinas acipensem mittite mensas: Fish remains from Viminacium
EP  - 202
IS  - 69
SP  - 183
DO  - 10.2298/STa1969183Z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živaljević, Ivana and Vuković-Bogdanović, Sonja I. and Bogdanović, Ivan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Položaj Viminacijuma, rimskog grada i legijskog logora smeštenog u blizini ušća Mlave u Dunav (sl. 1), ukazuje da su njegovi stanovnici imali direktan pristup rečnim izvorima hrane, te je riba najverovatnije činila deo njihove ishrane. Međutim, relativno se malo zna o ribolovu u rimskom periodu u ovom delu Podunavlja, a ribolovačke aktivnosti često ostaju arheološki manje vidljive ili nedovoljno proučene. Ova okolnost se može objasniti slabijim mogućnostima očuvanja ribljih kostiju, njihovom poroznošću i generalno malim dimenzijama, što dovodi do toga da se po pravilu previde (posebno u slučaju sitnijih vrsta) prilikom ručnog sakupljanja materijala. Tako su u velikoj faunističkoj zbirci sa Viminacijuma riblje kosti zastupljene sa svega nekoliko desetina primeraka, za razliku od kostiju sisara čiji broj iznosi više od 20.000. Međutim, iako malobrojni, riblji ostaci sa Viminacijuma predstavljaju važan izvor podataka o ishrani i snabdevanju ribom, ribolovačkim praksama, odabiru vrsta i veličini ulova, kao i o potencijalnim razlikama u prehrambenim navikama i pristupu kvalitetnijoj ribi u gradu i u njegovoj okolini. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati arheozoološke analize ribljih ostataka koji su do sada konstatovani na tri različite lokacije na Viminacijumu: na području amfiteatra, koji se nalazi u užem gradskom jezgru, u otpadnom prostoru, koji se nalazio u okviru istočne nekropole, udaljene oko 450 m od legijskog utvrđenja (lokalitet Pirivoj), i u naselju, koje je predstavljalo ekonomsko-industrijski centar, udaljen oko 2,5 km od legijskog utvrđenja (lokalitet Nad Klepečkom) (sl. 2). Osim arheozooloških podataka, u radu su prikazani i nalazi ribolovačke opreme sa Viminacijuma, koji pružaju širu sliku o ribarskim tehnikama, kao i relevantni istorijski izvori u cilju boljeg sagledavanja mogućih značenja koja su pridavana različitim vrstama riba. Riblji faunistički uzorak sa Viminacijuma čine 74 primerka kostiju, a od toga 48 potiče sa prostora amfiteatra, 22 sa lokaliteta Nad Klepečkom i 4 sa Pirivoja (tabela 1; sl. 3). U uzorku su zastupljene slatkovodne ribe, koje su po svoj prilici lovljene u Mlavi i Dunavu: vrste iz porodice šaranki (šaran Cyprinus carpio i bucov Aspius aspius, sl. 4), štuka (Esox lucius, sl. 5), smuđ (Sander lucioperca, sl. 6) i som (Silurus glanis, sl. 7). Od toga se jedino kosti šaranki i soma javljaju i izvan gradskog jezgra, što bi moglo ukazivati na to da su se tim ribama hranili stanovnici grada i okoline, ali i da su se one mogle koristiti u okviru pogrebnih rituala na prostoru istočne nekropole Viminacijuma. U slučaju uzorka sa amfiteatra, kosti šarana, štuke, smuđa i soma bile su očuvane u dovoljnoj meri, te je bilo moguće izmeriti ih i rekonstruisati veličinu primeraka (tabela 2). Većinom su u pitanju bile krupne jedinke, što se moglo i očekivati budući da ostaci sitnijih riba verovatno nisu sakupljeni. Pored toga, može se pretpostaviti da je najbolji ulov iz obližnjih reka verovatno stizao na trpezu stanovnika grada i legijskog logora. Pored slatkovodnih vrsta, u uzorku sa amfiteatra identifikovani su i ostaci krupnih riba iz porodice jesetrovki, koje su sve do izgradnje đerdapskih brana migrirale u Dunav iz Crnog mora. U pitanju su ostaci ruske jesetre (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), pastruge (Acipenser stellatus), kečige (Acipenser ruthenus) (jedine slatkovodne jesetrovke) (sl. 8) i posebno brojni ostaci morune (Huso huso, sl. 9), najvećeg predstavnika ove porodice. Prilično veliki broj kostiju jesetrovki u uzorku, njihove impresivne dimenzije (tabela 2), kao i kontekst nalaza (isključivo prostor amfiteatra) ukazuju na to da su te ribe bile posebno cenjene i verovatno namenjene određenim slojevima gradskog stanovništva. Najimpresivniji ulov predstavljale su svakako morune, budući da je većina izmerenih kostiju poticala od primeraka koji su bili dugi između 3 m i 3,5 m, ali su lovljeni i krupniji primerci, dugi i preko 5 m (sl. 10). Poseban kuriozitet je to što su te ogromne ribe dopremane u komadu, budući da veći broj tragova kasapljenja na kostima (sl. 9) ukazuje da su pripremane za konzumaciju u samom gradu. Ovaj podatak postaje još značajniji ako se uzme u obzir i to da su se od praistorije do izgradnje brana najbolja mesta za ribolov na jesetrovke nalazila na području Đerdapa (sl. 11), nizvodno oko 100 km od Viminacijuma. Iako Elijanovo delo De Natura Animalium ne predstavlja izvor iz prve ruke, u njemu opisani ribolov na dunavske jesetrovke, u okviru pejzaža koji podseća na Đerdap, navodi na pretpostavku da je ovo ribarsko područje bilo u upotrebi i tokom rimskog perioda. Moglo bi se stoga pretpostaviti da su i jesetrovke koje su se konzumirale u Viminacijumu stizale iz ove oblasti, moguće sušene, usoljene ili čak i žive. Određeni pisani izvori dodatno ukazuju na status koje su jesetrovke uživale u rimskom periodu - i kao poslastice na gozbama, ali i kao statusni simboli. Marcijal u Epigramima (Epigrammata) navodi da su ove ribe dostojne carske trpeze, a Makrobije ih u svom delu Saturnalia (navodeći reči različitih antičkih autora) opisuje kao retke poslastice, previše vredne da bi se delile s drugima, pa čak i kao božanstva čije su iznošenje na trpezu pratile sluge i zvuci frule. Iako se Marcijal i Makrobije ne osvrću konkretno na jesetrovke iz Dunava, može se pretpostaviti da su ove krupne ribe i doživljavane na sličan način i u Viminacijumu, kao i u drugim podunavskim gradovima. Pored ribljih ostataka, određen uvid u ribolovne tehnike pružaju i sporadični nalazi ribolovačke opreme sa Viminacijuma - tegovi za mreže i udice (sl. 12). Osim na Viminacijumu, takvi predmeti poznati su i sa drugih lokaliteta na dunavskom limesu. Pored lokalno dostupne i migratorne ribe, koja je verovatno dopremana sa Đerdapa, određeni stanovnici Viminacijuma su se po svoj prilici snabdevali i morskom hranom nabavljenom iz udaljenih oblasti. Direktna svedočanstva o trgovini iz mediteranskih oblasti predstavljaju ljušture mekušaca, a ona indirektna jesu određeni tipovi amfora koje su verovatno sadržale proizvode od prerađene morske ribe i riblje soseve. Iako malobrojni, ostaci riba sa Viminacijuma, kao i nalazi ribolovačke opreme i amfora korišćenih verovatno za transport ribljih proizvoda pružaju važne podatke o ishrani i snabdevanju ribom na prostoru glavnog grada provincije i njegove okoline. Lokalno dostupne slatkovodne vrste, poput šarana i soma, konzumirale su se po svoj prilici i u gradu i u njegovoj okolini, a moguće je i da su korišćene u okviru pogrebnih rituala. Međutim, kvalitetnija riba (poput jesetrovki) verovatno je konzumirana u određenim prilikama i/ili krugovima, predstavljajući važan deo društvenog života u gradu i način za isticanje statusa. Ne treba isključiti ni mogućnost da su se sitnije, lokalno dostupne ribe, čiji se ostaci generalno previde prilikom ručnog sakupljanja, konzumirale mnogo češće i među svim slojevima društva., The paper presents the results of archaezoological analysis of fish remains from three locations at Viminacium (the Amphitheatre, Nad Klepečkom and Pirivoj), discussed jointly with finds of fishing equipment and relevant written sources on the subject. Albeit small and biased due to the hand-collection of animal bones, the fish faunal assemblage from Vimincium provides valuable data on the choice of exploited species, fishing and fish transportation practices, and patterns of consumption and deposition in the city and its surroundings. In addition to remains of locally available freshwater fish, occurring at all three sites, the Amphitheatre sample contained the remains of large anadromous sturgeons, possibly obtained from the downstream, Iron Gates area. Their size, contextual provenance, as well as their exceptional status according to written sources, indicates that there had been notable differences in access to high-quality fish among the different social classes at Viminacium.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "Ad palatinas acipensem mittite mensas: Fish remains from Viminacium",
pages = "202-183",
number = "69",
doi = "10.2298/STa1969183Z"
}

Živaljević, I., Vuković-Bogdanović, S. I.,& Bogdanović, I.. (2019). Ad palatinas acipensem mittite mensas: Fish remains from Viminacium. in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(69), 183-202.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STa1969183Z

Živaljević I, Vuković-Bogdanović SI, Bogdanović I. Ad palatinas acipensem mittite mensas: Fish remains from Viminacium. in Starinar. 2019;(69):183-202.
doi:10.2298/STa1969183Z .

Živaljević, Ivana, Vuković-Bogdanović, Sonja I., Bogdanović, Ivan, "Ad palatinas acipensem mittite mensas: Fish remains from Viminacium" in Starinar, no. 69 (2019):183-202,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STa1969183Z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živaljević, Ivana
AU  - Marković, Nemanja
AU  - Maksimovic, Milomir
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/316
AB  - The paper focuses on fish consumption and long-distance fish trade in the medieval monastery Studenica in Serbia, from the perspective of archaeozoology and historical evidence. Medieval written sources on the subject suggest that fish was available primarily to particular social classes - the royalty, nobles and monasteries. Preserved muniments indicate that during the 13th-15th centuries the majority of distinguished monasteries had their own fishing ponds, fishing grounds and their own fishermen. Fish consumption occupied an important role in monastic contexts, both in Christian religious practices (e.g. Lent) and in celebrations commemorating the Virgin Mary and the monastery founder, during which high-quality fish was obtained from greater distances. The ichthyoarchaeological remains discussed in this paper originate from waste deposition areas within and outside of the ramparts of the Studenica Monastery, accumulated during the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. Apart from the remains of the species available more or less locally Weis catfish [Silurus giants Linnaeus, 1758], carp [Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758], pike [Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758]), the faunal assemblage contained the remains of migratory sturgeons (beluga [Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758], Russian sturgeon [Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833], stellate sturgeon [Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771]) most likely transported from the Danube area, about 200 km away as the crow flies. Skeletal element distribution, butchering traces and size estimations (of beluga in particular) indicate that large specimens (c. 2-3.6 m in total length) were brought whole to the monastery, possibly dried or salted. Their occurrence is an additional indicator of long-distance fish trade recorded in muniments, and it offers new insights into economic, social and religious practices in medieval Eastern Orthodox monasteries.
PB  - Publications Scientifiques Du Museum, Paris, Paris Cedex 05
T2  - Anthropozoologica
T1  - Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia)
EP  - 201
IS  - 1
SP  - 179
VL  - 54
DO  - 10.5252/anthropozoologica2019v54a16
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živaljević, Ivana and Marković, Nemanja and Maksimovic, Milomir",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The paper focuses on fish consumption and long-distance fish trade in the medieval monastery Studenica in Serbia, from the perspective of archaeozoology and historical evidence. Medieval written sources on the subject suggest that fish was available primarily to particular social classes - the royalty, nobles and monasteries. Preserved muniments indicate that during the 13th-15th centuries the majority of distinguished monasteries had their own fishing ponds, fishing grounds and their own fishermen. Fish consumption occupied an important role in monastic contexts, both in Christian religious practices (e.g. Lent) and in celebrations commemorating the Virgin Mary and the monastery founder, during which high-quality fish was obtained from greater distances. The ichthyoarchaeological remains discussed in this paper originate from waste deposition areas within and outside of the ramparts of the Studenica Monastery, accumulated during the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. Apart from the remains of the species available more or less locally Weis catfish [Silurus giants Linnaeus, 1758], carp [Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758], pike [Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758]), the faunal assemblage contained the remains of migratory sturgeons (beluga [Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758], Russian sturgeon [Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833], stellate sturgeon [Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771]) most likely transported from the Danube area, about 200 km away as the crow flies. Skeletal element distribution, butchering traces and size estimations (of beluga in particular) indicate that large specimens (c. 2-3.6 m in total length) were brought whole to the monastery, possibly dried or salted. Their occurrence is an additional indicator of long-distance fish trade recorded in muniments, and it offers new insights into economic, social and religious practices in medieval Eastern Orthodox monasteries.",
publisher = "Publications Scientifiques Du Museum, Paris, Paris Cedex 05",
journal = "Anthropozoologica",
title = "Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia)",
pages = "201-179",
number = "1",
volume = "54",
doi = "10.5252/anthropozoologica2019v54a16"
}

Živaljević, I., Marković, N.,& Maksimovic, M.. (2019). Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia). in Anthropozoologica
Publications Scientifiques Du Museum, Paris, Paris Cedex 05., 54(1), 179-201.
https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2019v54a16

Živaljević I, Marković N, Maksimovic M. Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia). in Anthropozoologica. 2019;54(1):179-201.
doi:10.5252/anthropozoologica2019v54a16 .

Živaljević, Ivana, Marković, Nemanja, Maksimovic, Milomir, "Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia)" in Anthropozoologica, 54, no. 1 (2019):179-201,
https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2019v54a16 . .