TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jovanović, Sonja
AU  - Cholakova, Anastasia
AU  - Pop-Lazić, Stefan
AU  - Freestone, I.C.
AU  - Živković, M.
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/381
AB  - The paper presents a set of glass fragments excavated at several different locations within and outside the late Roman fortified imperial residence Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia). This small group of eighteen fragments and mosaic glass tesserae are distinguished by their cobalt blue colour. The majority of the finds are mosaic tesserae (six pcs) and sheets of glass (five pcs), which could be related to architectural decoration (sectilia panels). Others are pieces left behind from secondary glass working (four pcs). There are also two fragments tentatively identified as window pane pieces, and only one find is a vessel sherd. The materials are dated to the 4th century. Significantly, some of the production debris and the two “window pane” fragments were found inside the destruction of a glass furnace. The analyses of the chemical glass composition of the finds confirmed that the blue colourant in all samples is cobalt, and antimony is also present at notable levels (except for one sample), likely to produce opacification of the glass. Regarding the origin of the raw glass, the data on almost all pieces suggests a Syro-Palestinian provenance, and a single sample could be related to Egyptian primary glass production. Importantly, the concentrations of the oxides added to the base glasses in order to modify the colour are positively correlated in certain samples, hinting at the makeup of the cobalt bearing ingredient and at a likely existence of particular production practices of the late Roman period.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - The blues of Romuliana
EP  - 230
IS  - 71
SP  - 207
DO  - 10.2298/STA2171207J
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jovanović, Sonja and Cholakova, Anastasia and Pop-Lazić, Stefan and Freestone, I.C. and Živković, M.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The paper presents a set of glass fragments excavated at several different locations within and outside the late Roman fortified imperial residence Felix Romuliana (Gamzigrad, Serbia). This small group of eighteen fragments and mosaic glass tesserae are distinguished by their cobalt blue colour. The majority of the finds are mosaic tesserae (six pcs) and sheets of glass (five pcs), which could be related to architectural decoration (sectilia panels). Others are pieces left behind from secondary glass working (four pcs). There are also two fragments tentatively identified as window pane pieces, and only one find is a vessel sherd. The materials are dated to the 4th century. Significantly, some of the production debris and the two “window pane” fragments were found inside the destruction of a glass furnace. The analyses of the chemical glass composition of the finds confirmed that the blue colourant in all samples is cobalt, and antimony is also present at notable levels (except for one sample), likely to produce opacification of the glass. Regarding the origin of the raw glass, the data on almost all pieces suggests a Syro-Palestinian provenance, and a single sample could be related to Egyptian primary glass production. Importantly, the concentrations of the oxides added to the base glasses in order to modify the colour are positively correlated in certain samples, hinting at the makeup of the cobalt bearing ingredient and at a likely existence of particular production practices of the late Roman period.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "The blues of Romuliana",
pages = "230-207",
number = "71",
doi = "10.2298/STA2171207J"
}

Jovanović, S., Cholakova, A., Pop-Lazić, S., Freestone, I.C.,& Živković, M.. (2021). The blues of Romuliana. in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(71), 207-230.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2171207J

Jovanović S, Cholakova A, Pop-Lazić S, Freestone I, Živković M. The blues of Romuliana. in Starinar. 2021;(71):207-230.
doi:10.2298/STA2171207J .

Jovanović, Sonja, Cholakova, Anastasia, Pop-Lazić, Stefan, Freestone, I.C., Živković, M., "The blues of Romuliana" in Starinar, no. 71 (2021):207-230,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA2171207J . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rehren, Thilo
AU  - Cholakova, Anastasia
AU  - Jovanović, Sonja
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/297
AB  - Strongly coloured glass vessels decorated with marvered threads of white
   glass are a wide-spread and popular, but rarely studied group of high-quality
   glassware of medieval Islamic origin. Relatively little is known about the
   composition and production places of these vessels, and their chronological
   range is not very well defined, as many of the published finds lack
   contextual evidence. Here, we present detailed chemical and microstructural
   data on a set of well-dated purple glass vessels decorated with white
   threads, excavated at the Mali Grad site in Braničevo, Serbia, in an
   archaeological context dated to the middle/second half of the 12th century
   AD. The set comprises at least sixteen different vessels, manufactured from
   two different batches of probably Levantine plant-ash glass coloured by
   manganese oxide. Significantly, the results demonstrate that these batches
   are correlated to particular vessel shapes. The base glass of the white
   threads is comparable to that of the purple vessel glass, but instead of
   being coloured by added manganese oxide, it contains considerable amounts of
   tin and lead oxides which provide the effect of opacity and white colour. No
   difference in composition can be seen between the white glass threads used to
   decorate the vessels from the two different manganese-coloured batches, thus
   indicating a likely common production origin of the whole set.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Braničevo, Serbia
EP  - 149
IS  - 68
SP  - 125
DO  - 10.2298/STA1868125R
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rehren, Thilo and Cholakova, Anastasia and Jovanović, Sonja",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Strongly coloured glass vessels decorated with marvered threads of white
   glass are a wide-spread and popular, but rarely studied group of high-quality
   glassware of medieval Islamic origin. Relatively little is known about the
   composition and production places of these vessels, and their chronological
   range is not very well defined, as many of the published finds lack
   contextual evidence. Here, we present detailed chemical and microstructural
   data on a set of well-dated purple glass vessels decorated with white
   threads, excavated at the Mali Grad site in Braničevo, Serbia, in an
   archaeological context dated to the middle/second half of the 12th century
   AD. The set comprises at least sixteen different vessels, manufactured from
   two different batches of probably Levantine plant-ash glass coloured by
   manganese oxide. Significantly, the results demonstrate that these batches
   are correlated to particular vessel shapes. The base glass of the white
   threads is comparable to that of the purple vessel glass, but instead of
   being coloured by added manganese oxide, it contains considerable amounts of
   tin and lead oxides which provide the effect of opacity and white colour. No
   difference in composition can be seen between the white glass threads used to
   decorate the vessels from the two different manganese-coloured batches, thus
   indicating a likely common production origin of the whole set.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Braničevo, Serbia",
pages = "149-125",
number = "68",
doi = "10.2298/STA1868125R"
}

Rehren, T., Cholakova, A.,& Jovanović, S.. (2018). Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Braničevo, Serbia. in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(68), 125-149.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA1868125R

Rehren T, Cholakova A, Jovanović S. Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Braničevo, Serbia. in Starinar. 2018;(68):125-149.
doi:10.2298/STA1868125R .

Rehren, Thilo, Cholakova, Anastasia, Jovanović, Sonja, "Composition and texture of a set of marvered glass vessels from 12th century ad Braničevo, Serbia" in Starinar, no. 68 (2018):125-149,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA1868125R . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spasić-Đurić, Dragana
AU  - Jovanović, Sonja
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rai.ai.ac.rs/handle/123456789/274
AB  - During the 2011 archaeological excavations at the Mali Grad site in
   Braničevo, a set of at least 16 vessels made of translucent dark-purple glass
   and decorated with marvered opaque white trails was discovered. This unique
   glass assemblage, consisting of at least eight bowls, three bottles, two
   cylindrical flasks and three further vessels which can be possibly attributed
   to flasks, was found in the most significant archaeological context in the
   urban centre of Braničevo, in the layer above the floor in House No 4.
   According to other archaeological finds from the same context, coins in
   particular, the glass vessel set is dated to the 12th century. Importantly,
   the finds from Braničevo are so far the earliest securely-dated vessels of
   this type in the territory of the Byzantine Empire, post-dating the
   reestablishment of its control over the Balkan Peninsula in the 11th century.
PB  - Arheološki institut, Beograd
T2  - Starinar
T1  - A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Braničevo (Serbia)
EP  - 173
IS  - 68
SP  - 151
DO  - 10.2298/STA1868151S
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Spasić-Đurić, Dragana and Jovanović, Sonja",
year = "2018",
abstract = "During the 2011 archaeological excavations at the Mali Grad site in
   Braničevo, a set of at least 16 vessels made of translucent dark-purple glass
   and decorated with marvered opaque white trails was discovered. This unique
   glass assemblage, consisting of at least eight bowls, three bottles, two
   cylindrical flasks and three further vessels which can be possibly attributed
   to flasks, was found in the most significant archaeological context in the
   urban centre of Braničevo, in the layer above the floor in House No 4.
   According to other archaeological finds from the same context, coins in
   particular, the glass vessel set is dated to the 12th century. Importantly,
   the finds from Braničevo are so far the earliest securely-dated vessels of
   this type in the territory of the Byzantine Empire, post-dating the
   reestablishment of its control over the Balkan Peninsula in the 11th century.",
publisher = "Arheološki institut, Beograd",
journal = "Starinar",
title = "A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Braničevo (Serbia)",
pages = "173-151",
number = "68",
doi = "10.2298/STA1868151S"
}

Spasić-Đurić, D.,& Jovanović, S.. (2018). A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Braničevo (Serbia). in Starinar
Arheološki institut, Beograd.(68), 151-173.
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA1868151S

Spasić-Đurić D, Jovanović S. A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Braničevo (Serbia). in Starinar. 2018;(68):151-173.
doi:10.2298/STA1868151S .

Spasić-Đurić, Dragana, Jovanović, Sonja, "A 12th century set of marvered purple glass vessels from Braničevo (Serbia)" in Starinar, no. 68 (2018):151-173,
https://doi.org/10.2298/STA1868151S . .